International
Relations Committee Links APA
To World Psychologists
By Henry P. David, PhD and Marian Wood, MA (former International Affairs Assistant)
Although international relations
are a vital component of today’s APA, the Committee on International Relations
in Psychology (CIRP) was not established until 1944. Its initial function was to advise on the rehabilitation of European
psychology laboratories and libraries damaged or destroyed during World War II. Now one of the oldest standing APA committees, CIRP reports directly to
the APA Board of Directors. Through
the Office of International Affairs, CIRP speaks for all segments of psychology
and addresses a worldwide audience through Psychology International.
From the beginning, CIRP’s
emphasis has been on fostering the development of international psychology as a
science and profession through the promotion of communication, exchanges, and
cooperative research. Over the
years, CIRP became increasingly alert to the evolving role of psychology in
national and international affairs, including policy decisions affecting human
well-being. It has worked
cooperatively with national and international psychological associations, with
the organizers of international congresses, and with allied scientific and
professional bodies.
When the International Congress of
Psychology was organized in
Washington
,
DC
in 1963, CIRP developed a Young Psychologists program, raising funds to support
travel and hospitality for colleagues from abroad. Local hosts opened their homes to the young scholars, and special
arrangements were made for meeting with leading American psychologists. The tradition established in
Washington
, has continued at every subsequent International Congress.
In recent years, CIRP has joined
in protests with other scientific organizations when psychologists were victims
or perpetrators of human rights abuses. In
1976, at the International Congress of Psychology in
Paris
, APA’s representative to the International Union of Psychological Science
took a leading role in endorsing a resolution on ethical behavior by
psychologists. In the 1980s, a
CIRP-drafted statement on “Support for the Rights of Psychologists in Other
Countries” was approved by the APA Board of Directors and Council of
Representatives. It outlined APA’s
position on visits to and exchanges with colleagues in countries in which the
rights of psychologists had been compromised.
During the early 1980s, APA’s
Board of Directors voted to join with the National Academy of Sciences in
boycotting official scientific exchanges with the
Soviet Union
in protest of the internal exile of Andrei Sakharov. In the mid1980s, CIRP participation in a joint mission with the American
Psychiatric Association to
Chile
confirmed that some psychologists were participating in programs of systemic
psychological abuse and torture organized by the Chilean military, while other
psychologists were among the victims – experiencing personal abuse and severe
infringement of academic and professional freedom. On a less dramatic basis, CIRP helped resolve delicate questions of
protocol, such as whether representatives of certain countries should be invited
to APA receptions, or whether national flags should be flown at an international
congress when the host government wanted to limit that right to selected
countries.
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As CIRP refined its policy
positions on human rights and action in cases involving inappropriate ethical
behavior, it joined other nongovernmental scientific bodies such as the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, and international organizations,
such as the World Federation for Mental Health. CIRP has taken stands against apartheid in
South Africa
, abuses in Greek mental hospitals, and human rights violations by psychologists
in the former
USSR
and in
Chile.
In the late 1908s, CIRP began
taking an increasingly active stance. As
part of APA’s Centennial, with support from the APA Board of Directors, CIRP
developed a program of International Psychology Initiatives (IPI) that is likely
to continue for years to come. It
recognizes APA’s special responsibility as the largest organization of
psychologists in the world, its unique resources for supporting international
communication and exchanges, and its coming of age in a increasingly global
village.
The IPI program builds on
opportunities to work meaningfully with others. For example, one of the first IPI activities was the organization in
October 1991 of two workshops in
Czechoslovakia
on sexuality and AIDS education. They
were funded by the US National Institute of Health’s
Fogarty
International
Center
, and with additional support from the Sexuality and Family Planning Program of
the World Health Organization European Regional Office and from APA.
US
mental health professionals, assisted by translators, held productive workshops
with Czech and Slovak counterparts and with representatives from the Ministry of
Health that influenced the development of public health programs in the formerly
socialist country. The funds raised
for this project alone exceeded the total seed money provided by the APA Board
of Directors for all the CIRP International Psychology Initiatives.
In another major IPI endeavor, APA
helped identify US psychology departments willing to waive tuition for
academically qualified Black South African doctoral and masters level students. Working with nonprofit Aurora Associations, supported by the US Agency
for International Development, CIRP helped to place six Black South African
students who are expected to return home after completing their graduate
studies. In a related initiative,
CIRP made a grant for the continued development of mental health program in the
Soweto-based Family Centre, the first of several facilities designed to address
apartheid-created stress through a multifaceted educational, research, training
and services network.
In addition, CIRP initiated the
development of a graduate student program and exchange visits with Russian
psychologists; joined with the Pan American Health Organization, the
Interamerican Society of Psychology, the International Union of Psychological
Science and the World Federation for Mental Health in supporting the
Interamerican Consortium for Psychology in Community Health Care; and continued
its journal donations and international congress travel grant programs. CIRP is also establishing stronger liaison with APA divisions in an
endeavor to broaden the horizons of international psychology in scientific,
professional, educational, and public interest spheres. These activities have been further enhanced by the approval by the APA
Board of Directors and Council of Representatives of an annual APA award for
sustained contributions to the international advancement of psychology.
With current and past CIRP
membership now exceeding 100, including a number of past APA presidents, there
is good reason to believe that the voice of the international psychology will
continue to be heard and heeded within APA.
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