"The ones you want usually aren't on the job market," says Roediger. "You have to create the market."

To entice people who already have jobs, ask top people in the field—both in your department and nationally—to list the best five or 10 people in the area, he advises. Then write those people a compelling letter inviting them to apply.

If they show interest and you eventually make them an offer, provide them with perks above and beyond the customary ones, says Roediger. These can include discretionary funds for pet research projects and student travel, for example.

You can also offer them an endowed chair if your university has one available, proffering a dose of prestige and recognition, he notes.

—T. DeAngelis