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Psychological Services for Long Term Care Resource Guide (continued)
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Introduction
Journal Articles
Books
Health Information
Book Chapters
Organizations
Journal
Articles
Clinical
Geropsychology: Implications for Practice in Medical Settings
Andersen,
B. T., & Haley, W. E. (1997). Journal of Clinical Psychology in
Medical Settings, 4(2), p. 193-205.
Due
to the rapid growth in the older segment of the population psychologists
must be better prepared to work with elderly patients in geriatric
situations. At the same time, psychologists will increasingly encounter
older patients in environments such as primary care clinics,
rehabilitation settings, and disease management programs. The authors
suggest adapting clinical practice to suit the special needs of older
patients and varying methods to improve clinical geropsychology.
The Activity
Coordinator as Environmental Press
Ansello, E. F.
(1985). Activities, Adaptation, & Aging, 6(3), 87-97.
Discusses
M.P. Lawton’s (1980) environmental press model and the interplay of
activities, life satisfaction, and the activity
coordinator’s role in satisfaction of residents in long-term care.
Older
Adults, Reimbursement, and referrals: Implications for Psychologists After
Medicare Reimbursement Changes and Before Health Care Reform
Barrick,
C., Karuza, J., & Dundon, M. (1995). Professional Psychology –
Research & Practice, 26(6), 598-601.
Psychologists
current provision of mental health services to older adults was
investigated by a mail survey…75%saw older adult clients and 72%
accepted Medicare payments. Older adults composed 8% of their practice…Barriers
to providing mental health services included client’s lack of social
support network and low levels of reimbursement.
Anxiety
Disorders in the Elderly: The Emerging Role of Behavior Therapy
Beck,
J. G., & Stanley, M. A. (1997). Behavior Therapy, 28(1), 83-100.
Provides
a summary of the literature on the psychopathology, assessment, and
behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in later life. Research is
beginning to expose specific features and treatment of anxiety in the
elderly, although the majority of attention has been directed at
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, specific phobias, and nonclinical activity.
An
Instrument for Measuring Staff’s Knowledge of Behavior Management Principles (KBMQ)
as Applied to Geropsychiatric Clients in Long-term Care Settings
Blair,
C. E., & Eldridge, E. F. (1997). Journal of Behavior Therapy &
Experimental Psychiatry, 28(3), 213-220.
Describes
the KBMQ, a 30-item multiple choice instrument that tests staff’s knowledge of
behavioral principles as applied to geropsychiatric settings. Results suggest
that the instrument is valid and reliable.
Institutional
Factors of Nursing Homes that Predict the Provision of Mental Health Services
Castle,
N. G., & Shea, D. (1997). Journal of Mental Health Administration, 24(1),
44-54.
Explores
the likelihood of the provision of mental health services in a nursing home as a
function of the home’s institutional factors. . . Results indicate that
meeting the demands for an active mental health treatment, as mandated by the
Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987, may be more difficult in those institutions
that are a part of a chain, are small, or contain Medicaid skilled nursing
facility beds.
Establishing
and Maintaining Intimate Relationships Among Home Residents
Crose,
R. (1990). Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 12(1), 102-106.
Reviews
therapeutic goals for nursing home residents, such as conflict resolution,
confidence building and social skills. A group intervention model is suggested
to help nursing home residents develop more intimate relationships. Case
examples given.
Counseling
Psychologists as Nursing Home Consultants: What Do Administrators Want?
Crose,
R., & Kixmiller, J. S. (1994). Counseling Psychologist, 22(1), 104-114.
Investigated
the extent to which nursing home administrators need consultation from
counseling psychologists. After surveying 124 nursing home administrators (NHAs),
the researchers found that these NHAs identified combative and demanding
behaviors, depression, and confusion in residents as particularly difficult to
handle. Therefore, there appear to be numerous entry points and levels of
intervention by which counseling psychologists could be potentially helpful to
NHAs.
A
Psychogeriatric Outreach Service to Nursing Homes in Sydney
Draper,
B., Meares, S., & McIntosh, H. (1998). Australian Journal for the Aging,
17(4), 184-186.
Described
behavioral and psychiatric problems found in nursing home referrals to a
multidisciplinary psychogeriatric outreach team . . . Of the 106 referrals from
22 nursing homes, 101(95%) were assessed in the home. Behavioral problems were
identified in 87 referrals (82%). The most frequently identified problems
were aggressive behaviors, agitation, uncooperativeness, and vocally disruptive
behavior. Multiple diagnoses were present in 58 (55%) of referrals. Nursing
interventions and psychotropic medication were the most frequently utilized
treatment recommendations.
Hospital
Practice: Psychology’s Call to Action
Enright,
M. F., Resnick, R. J., Ludwigsen, K. R., & Deleon, P. H., (1993).
Professional Psychology – Research and Practice, 24(2), 135-141.
Presents current professional realities for psychologists in
hospitals and health care settings and reviews the work of the American
Psychological Association in support of hospital independent practice.
Empirically
Validated Psychological Treatments for Older Adults
Gatz,
M., Fiske, A., Fox, L. S., Kaskie, B. Kasl-Godley, J. E., McCallum, T. J., &
Wetherell, J. L. (1998). Journal of Mental Health & Aging, 4(1),
9-46.
Psychological
treatments for older adults evaluated against APA Clinical Psychology Division
criteria for documenting effective psychosocial interventions. Several
behavioral and environmental treatments for behavior problems in dementia
patients met criteria for ‘well-established.’ Criteria requiring randomized
controlled trials using treatment manuals are criticized for various reasons.
Behaviour
Therapy: Behaviour Therapy in Long Term Care
Gibson,
M., & Bol, N. (1996). Canadian Nursing Home, 7(1), 16-20.
Provides
a description of a theoretical and procedural applied psychological approach for
managing undesirable behaviors in long term care.
Adapting
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Frail Elderly
Grant,
R. W., & Casey, D. A. (1995). International Psychogeriatrics, 7(4),
561-571.
A
literature review on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with the
elderly. Description of how and why CBT with elderly patients requires certain
modifications. CBT is an effective treatment for depression and other affective
disorders of the frail elderly.
Promoting
Occupational Performance for Entering Residents in Long Term Care
Hocking,
C. (1996). Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 14(4),
61-73.
The
human occupational model examines the role of possessions in maintaining skills,
habits, self-concept, and valued occupational roles. Occupational therapists
need to extend their traditional practice to provide continuity of valued
occupations and occupational roles for elderly people entering care
environments.
An
Interdisciplinary Mental Health Consultation Team in a Nursing Home
Joseph,
C., Goldsmith, S., Rooney, A., McWhorter, K., & et al. (1995). Gerontologist,
35(6), 836-839.
Describes
the interdisciplinary Mental Health Consultation Team (MHCT) at the Nursing Home
Care Unit of the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center. MHCT seeks to improve
communication between consultants and primary care providers, help staff
implement recommendations, and equip management with education on mental health
problems. The MCHT has decreased the demand for formal psychiatric and
psychological consultations, while increasing health care services through
innovative existing staff.
Postdoctoral
Training in Professional Geropsychology: A Survey of Fellowship Graduates
Karel.
M. J., Molinari, V., Gallagher-Thompson, Hillman, S. L. (1999). Professional
Psychology Research & Practice, 30(6), 617-622.
A
survey of psychologists who received specialized postdoctoral training in
geropsychology found a high level of satisfaction with the training and a sense
of professional competence in most of the geropsychology competency areas set
forth by the American Psychological Association.
Employment
Settings of Psychologists
Kohout,
J. L., & Wicherski, M. (1996). Psychiatric Services, 47, 809.
Presents
data on the employment settings of the 22,502 American Psychological Association
(APA) members. Findings reveal that 60% of APA members manage their own private
practices, 14.4% of participants work in hospitals or clinics, and 6.9% work in
human service settings.
The
Benefits of Psychiatric Hospitalization for Older Nursing Home Residents
Kunik,
M. E., Ponce, H., Molinari, V., Orengo, C., & et al. (1996). Journal of
the American Geriatrics Society, 44(9), 1062-1065.
Investigated
the demographics and treatment outcomes of 41 male nursing home residents
admitted to the geropsychiatric unit of a VA hospital for severe behavior
problems. A multidisciplinary team gave a comprehensive evaluation of
participants, testing for cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms. The
findings reveal that nursing home residents with and without dementia who were
admitted for behavior problems benefited from inpatient psychiatric
hospitalization.
Behavioral
disturbances in Geropsychiatric Inpatients Across Dementia Types
Kunik,
M. E., Huffman, J. C., Bharani, N., Hillman, S. L., Molinari, V., & Orengo,
C. A. (2000). Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 13(1), 49-52
The
authors compared differences in behavioral, psychiatric, and cognitive status
among geropsychiatric inpatients with Alzheimer's, vascular, alcohol-induced and
mixed dementia. No significant differences were found in the character or
severity of agitation among patients with Alzheimer's, vascular, alcohol-induced
and mixed dementia. However, patients with vascular dementia were less
cognitively impaired and more medically burdened.
Psychological
Services Provided within Veterans Administration Nursing Homes
Kupke,
T. (1986). Professional Psychology – Research and Practice, 17(3),
185-190.
Surveyed
psychological services provided within 67 Veterans Administration nursing
facilities to investigate the rising professional domain of the nursing home
psychologist. Describes the ideal nursing home psychologist as a well-rounded
psychologist capable of a large range of assessments, treatments, and
consultative services while at the same time functioning as a treatment
team member, a teacher, a program developer, and a researcher.
Activities
and Stages in Existential Psychotherapy with Older Adults
Lantz,
J., & Gomia, L. (1995). Clinical Gerontologist, 16(1), 31-40.
Therapist
helps patient notice, actualize, and honor potentially meaningful experiences in
the past, present and future. The procedure is multifaceted including an
agreement period on realistic direction for treatment, an actualization period,
and a period of treatment outcome evaluation.
The
Psychiatrist in the Nursing Home: I. Collaborative Roles
Latz,
M. S., & Kennedy, G. J. (1995). Psychiatric Services, 46(1), 15-16.
Nursing
homes must provide an increasingly broad range of services ranging from
rehabilitation to transitional living and traditional long-term placement. The
prevalence of significant psychopathology in nursing homes reveals the
substantial mental health needs of the nursing home population. Stresses that
the role of the psychiatrist extends far beyond consultant, as the psychiatrist’s
skills are being vastly underutilized.
Observed
Affect in Nursing Home Residents with Alzheimer’s Disease
Lawton,
M. P., Van Haitsma, K., & Klapper, J. (1996). Journals of Gerontology
Series B-Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 51B(1), P3-P14.
Nursing
home residents with Alzheimer’s disease and nondemented residents took the
reduced Philadelphia Geriatric Center Affect Rating Scale. Participants affect
was assessed by observation of facial expression, body movement, and other
non-self report dependent cues. The two groups displayed significant differences
in four out of five affect states, the exception being sadness.
Assessment
and Intervention by Rehabilitation Psychology in Long Term Care
Lawton,
M. P., Whelihan, W. M., & Lesher, E. L. (1985). Rehabilitation
Psychology, 30(2), 71-82.
Effective
long-term care relies on the dynamic relationship between support and
autonomy and the strategy of incremental gains. The psychologist’s role
in management should range from intervention with patients to helping the
institution and residents deal with institutional care.
Nursing
Home Psychologists: Job Descriptions, Responses on an Autonomy vs. Paternalism
Scale, and Ethics
Levitt,
G. (1994). The University of Texas at Austin, Doctoral Dissertation.
Reports
the results of a questionnaire on the working conditions, job descriptions,
professional concerns and professional philosophies and behaviors of 122 APA
affiliated nursing home psychologists. Among other findings, many respondents
reported poor working conditions, in terms of both professional relationships
and physical accommodations. Found that many nursing home psychologists do not
follow APA code of professional ethics.
Psychotherapy
in Geriatric Long-term Care
Lichtenberg,
P. A. (1999). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(8), 1005-1014.
Psychotherapy
with older adult nursing home residents will typically involve two types of
patients: chronically mentally ill patients and medical rehabilitation patients.
The author describes a typology of patients with mental illness: the mildly
cognitively impaired and behaviorally disturbed, the cognitively intact but
interpersonally troubled, and the mentally ill patients who have lost their
support systems. Inpatient methods for assessing and treating depression and
alcohol abuse are explored for rehabilitation patients.
Standards
for Psychological Services in Long-term Care Facilities
Lichtenberg,
P. A., Smith, M., Frazer, D., Molinari, V., Rosowsky, E., Crose, R., Stillwell,
N., Kramer, N. Hartman-Stein, P., Qualls, S., Salamon, M., Duffy, M., Parr, J.,
& Gallagher-Thompson, D. (1998). Gerontologist, 38(1), 122-127.
Description
of the standards for psychological practice in long term care facilities as
developed by the Psychologists in Long Term Care (PLTC). The standards address
provider characteristics, method of referral, assessment practices, treatment,
and ethical issues.
Achieving
Mental Health of Nursing Home Residents: Overcoming Barriers to Mental Health
Care
Lombardo,
N. B. E., Fogel, B. S., Robinson, G. K., & Weiss, H. P. (1995). Journal
of Mental Health & Aging, 1(3), 165-211.
Describes
the consensus reached at a conference on the enhancement of mental health of
nursing home residents, the overall conference conclusions, and some specific
ideas developed at the conference.
Mental
Health in Homes for the Aged and the Clinical Psychology of Aging:
Implementation of a Model Service
Lomranz,
J. (1991). Clinical Gerontologist, 10(3), 47-72.
Concentrates
on the mental health needs of residents in homes for the elderly, describing the
implementation of a geropsychological service in two large homes in Israel. The
novelty of the service lies in the integration of geropsychology into homes for
the aged and the integration of a clinical aging service with an academic body.
Provides recommendations for clinical psychologists working in nursing home
settings.
Delirium
in Geropsychiatric Patients: Patient Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes
McGee,
S. B., Orengo, C. A., Kunik, M. E., & Molinari, V.A. (1997). Journal of
Geriatric Psychiatry & Neurology, 10(7), 7-10.
The
authors examined the effect of geropsychiatric hospitalization on the cognitive
and behavioral symptoms of delirious elderly patients with and without dementia.
All patients received multimodal therapy including, structural environment,
milieu therapy, occupational therapy, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic
therapies. The total sample improved on all measures. When patients were divided
into subgroups with and without dementia, both subgroups improved similarly.
Psychosocial
Treatments with Depressed Older Adults: A Research Update
Niederehe,
G. (1996). American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 4(4, Suppl. 1),
S66-S78.
Psychotherapeutic
techniques can benefit elderly depressed patients when the special needs of this
population are taken into account in designing and implementing therapy plans. Although it deserves greater research attention, combination
treatment with psychotherapy and medication may be optimal in this population.
Conclusions reached at the 1991 National Institute of Health Consensus
Development Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Later Life
are discussed.
Exercising
Restraint
Pitt,
B. (1987). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2(4), 207-210.
Homes
for the elderly need to have more concrete policies about when and how to use
restraint, with specific management plan for each resident. A multidisciplinary
team of nurses, psychologists, care staff, social workers and doctors should
create these plans. At the same time, family members should be consulted
regarding the decision to detain or restrain.
Competence
of Long-term Care Residents to Participate in Decisions about their Medical
Care: A Brief, Objective Assessment
Pruchno,
R. A., Smyer, M. A., Rose, M. S., Hartman-Stein, P. E., & Henderson-Laribee,
D. L. (1995). Gerontologist, 35(5), 622-629.
Examination
of 50 long term care facility residents on extent to which performance on a
brief, objective inventory could predict clinical psychologist’s evaluation of
competence to participate in decisions about medical care. Roughly 66% of
residents could be accurately assessed using the two measures. Procedures could
enable nursing home staff to assess competence of resident’s ability to make
decisions about their medical care.
Treatment
of Depression in Later Life
Reynolds,
C. F. (1994). American Journal of Medicine, 97(6A), 39S-46S.
Elderly
patients with illness or bereavement related depression deserve more attention.
Recent data highlights several crucial caveats: the role of medical and
psychosocial factors in the course of major depression; variability of etiology,
clinical presentation, and treatment response; need for additional studies of
syndromal and subsyndromal depression in primary and long-term care facilities,
particularly in patients >75 years of age; and the importance of continuation
and maintenance treatment to maintain quality of life and to lower the risk for
chronic illness. SSRI’s such as nortriptyline and desipramine are
preferred pharmacotherapy for short-term and long-term treatment. Findings also
reveal psychotherapy to be highly effective.
A
Randomized Trial of Dementia Care in Nursing Homes
Rovner,
B. W., Steele, C. D., Shmuely, Y, & Folstein, M. F. (1996). Journal of
American Geriatrics Society, 44(1), 7-13.
Investigated
the effectiveness of a dementia care program to reduce behavior disorders in 81
nursing home patients with dementia. Participants completed the Mini-Mental
State Examination. After six months, 28.6% of the intervention group
participants demonstrated behavior disorders compared with 51.3% of the control
group.
The
Impact of Regular Multidisciplinary Team Interventions on Psychotropic
Prescribing in Swedish Nursing Homes
Schmidt,
I., Claesson, C. B., Westerholm, B., Nilsson, L. G., & Bonnie, L. (1998). Journal
of the American Geriatric Society, 46(1), 77-82.
Participants
were 1,854 long-term care residents. 42% suffered from dementia, 5% had
psychotic disorder, and 7% had depression. Results reveal extensive psychotropic
drug prescribing, 40% on hypnotics, 40% on anxiolytics, and 38% on
antipsychotics. Twelve months of team meetings in the experimental homes
provoked a significant decrease in the prescribing of psychotropic drugs. In the
control homes there was an increase in the use of acceptable antidepressants,
but there were no significant reductions in other drug classes.
Mental
Health Services for Nursing Home Residents: What Will it Cost?
Shea,
D. G., Smyer, M. A., & Streit, A. (1993). Journal of Mental Health
Administration, 20(3), 223-235.
Describes
the financial impact of the Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 (NHRA) on the
ability of nursing homes to provide mental health care for residents.
Monthly psychotherapy and pharmacology for residents could potentially cost from
480 million to 1.3 billion dollars. In the absence of adequate funding, NHRA may
require nursing home administrators to find resources to provide roughly 250,000
people with adequate mental health care.
A
Randomized Trial of Geriatric Liaison Intervention in Elderly Medical Inpatients
Slaets,
J. P. J., Kauffmann, R. H., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Pelemans, W., & Schudel,
W. J. (1997). Psychosomatic Medicine, 59(6), 585-591.
Intervention
consisted of multidisciplinary joint treatment by a psychogeriatric team, in
addition to usual care. The intervention sought to optimize physical functioning
of elderly inpatients. Intervention group (N = 140) was compared with usual care
group (N = 97) on physical functioning, length of stay, and nursing home
placement. The intervention group outperformed the usual care group on all
measures. Psychiatric co-morbidity was an important risk factor for the
outcome of patients.
Providing
Psychological Services in Nursing Homes
Smyer,
M. A. (1986). Clinical Psychologist, 39(4), 105-108.
Describes
the multiple methods that psychologists can utilize in order to meet the mental
health needs of nursing home residents. Interventions at the patient, staff, and
community level are discussed. Describes potential barriers to providing
psychological services in this setting.
Nursing
Homes as a Setting for Psychosocial Practice: Public Policy
Smyer,
M. A. (1989). American Psychologist, 44(10), 1307-1314.
Lack
of funding and personnel represent substantial barriers that may prevent
psychology’s disciplinary expertise from being utilized in nursing homes.
Consequently, nursing homes might have to perform certain mandated activities
without psychologists’ expertise, thereby relying on unqualified personnel to
perform these duties. Advocates for improved nursing home care must see
the links among basic disciplinary skills, interdisciplinary collaboration, and
improved care for mentally impaired elderly individuals.
Use
of Geriatric Depression Scale by Nurses
Snowdon,
J., & Lane, F. (1999). Aging & Mental Health, 3(3), 227-233.
Describes
and demonstrates the effectiveness of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in
alerting doctors that certain patients may need treatment for depression.
Impact
of Mental Health Services in Nursing Homes: The Clinicians’ Perspective
Speer,
D. C., O’Sullivan, M. J., & Lester, W. A. III. (1996). Journal of
Clinical Geropsychology, 2(2), 83-92.
The
effects of two mental health team programs for nursing home residents were
evaluated using clinician ratings of referral problems at admission. Across
cohorts, clinicians perceived referral problems of 55% of residents [N = 221] to
be much improved, 21% to be slightly improved, 17% to be unchanged, and 8% to be
worse.
The
Psychiatrist in the Nursing Home: II. Consultation, Primary Care, and Leadership
Streim,
J. E., & Katz, I. R. (1995). Psychiatric Services, 46(4), 339-341.
A
psychiatrist working in a nursing has the following service roles: consultant,
primary care giver, and interdisciplinary team leader. Case studies are utilized
to illustrate the roles of the psychiatrist in a nursing home. Psychiatric
expertise in fulfilling these roles, especially those relevant to geriatric
issues, is emphasized.
Lessons
from Geriatric Psychiatry in the Long Term Setting
Streim,
J. E., Oslin, D., Katz, I. R., & Parmelee, P. A. (1997). Psychiatric
Quarterly, 68(3), 281-307.
A
review of the literature on geriatric research and experience in long term care.
Lessons from geriatric psychiatry research and practice in the nursing
home have relevance to general psychiatry and to other health care settings
informing the field on issues such as psychiatric disorders, varying types
of depression, and behavioral problems resulting from brain damage.
Behavioral
Treatment of Depression in Dementia Patients: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Teri,
L., Logsdon, R. G., Uomoto, J., & McCurry, S. M. (1997). Journals of
Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 52B(4),
P159-P166.
Investigated
the effectiveness of two nonpharmacological treatments of depression in-patients
with Alzheimer’s disease. One treatment focuses on caregiver problem solving,
while the other emphasizes patient pleasant events. Patients in the
nonpharmacological conditions showed significant improvement in depression
symptoms.
The
Impact of Validation Group Therapy on Nursing Home Residents with Dementia
Toseland,
R. W., Diehl, M., Freeman, K., Manzanares, T., Naleppa, M., & McCallion, P.
(1997). Journal of Applied Gerontology, 16(1), 31-50.
Study
examined the effectiveness of validation group therapy (VT) in decreasing
physical and medical interventions and improving psychosocial well being in
nursing home residents with dementia. Compared with the control group, the VT
group showed less physically and verbally aggressive behavior and were not as
depressed as the other residents. VT was not effective in reducing the use of
physical restraints, psychotropic medication, and physically non-aggressive
problem behaviors.
Influence
of the Success of the Psychoeducational Interventions on the Course of Family
Care
Whitlach,
C. J., Zarit, S. H., Goodwin, P. E., & von Eye, A. (1995). Clinical
Gerontologist, 16(1), 17-30.
Studied
whether the short-term success of caregiver interventions is associated with
positive longer-term caregiver outcomes, by reanalyzing a previous study. 132
primary caregivers (mean age of 62.05 years) of noninstitutionalized dementia
patients were assigned to individual and family counseling, support group, or
wait list control group. They underwent psychoeducational interventions, in two
treatment conditions, to change specific aspects of the caregiving situation
that may be leading to caregiving stress… A positive response to
psychoeducational interventions was associated with long-term caregiver outcomes
and the rate of institutionalization following the treatment.
Ethical
Issues in Long-term Care for the Elderly
Wilson,
C.C., & Netting, F. E. (1986). Health Values, 10(4), 3-12.
Provides
case examples of potential issues when health professionals intervene with
elderly persons who are in difficult situations. Five codes of ethics are
examined in terms of their historic roots.
The
Prevalence of Agitation and Brain Injury in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Survey
Wolf,
A. P., Gleckman, A. D., Cifu, D. X., & Ginsburg, P. C. (1996). Brain
Injury, 10, 241-245.
Surveyed
all skilled nursing facilities in Connecticut to assess the number of residents
with primary diagnosis of brain injury, and the techniques utilized to manage
this agitation. Of 253 facilities in this area, 162 responded to the survey,
reporting that 140 brain-injured residents live in 24% of the 162 facilities.
Findings reveal that 45% of these residents are agitated. Formal behavior care
(62%) was used the most frequently in agitation management, followed by
environmental manipulation (49%), and medications (38%). The availability of
special consultation varied.
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Information
for Older Adults and Their Families
American Health Care
Association
A
Consumers Guide to Nursing Facilities
What
Consumers Need to Know About Private Long Term Care Insurance
A
Family Guide: Making the Transition to Nursing Facility Life
Myths
and Realities of Living in a Nursing Facility
Health Insurance
Association of America
Guide
To Long-Term Health Care
American Association
of Retired Persons
Private
Long-term Care
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Organizations
American
Society on Aging
833
Market Street
Suite
511
San
Francisco, CA 94103
(415)
974-9600
Gerontological
Society of America
1030
15th Street, NW
Suite
250
Washington,
DC 20005
(202)
842-1275
Interdivisional
Geropsychology Practice Coalition
c/o
Steve Rapp, PhD
Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine
Wake
Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem,
NC 27157
Psychologists
in Long Term Care (PLTC)
c/o
Victor Molinari, PhD
Psychology
Service
Houston
VA Medical Center
2002
Holcombe Boulevard
Houston,
TX 77030-4211
APA
Division 12-II
Society
of Clinical Psychology-Clinical Geropsychology
c/o
Lynn G. Peterson
P.O.
Box 1082
Niwot,
CO 80544
APA
Division 20
Adult
Development and Aging
750
First Street, NE
Washington,
DC 20002-4242
(202)
336-6013
To link to these and other organizations, visit Links to Other Aging
Organizations
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