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PsycINFO Cited References Facts

Cited References Description

Since 2001, the records in PsycINFO have included cited references appearing in journal articles, books, and book chapters. Although comprehensive coverage of cited references began in 2001, references appear in some records for earlier years, and APA will continue to add retrospective coverage. As we do, we will list counts by year on this page.

Level of Coverage

APA attempts to include all references for each article or book; however, sometimes there are references that cannot be included. For example, a reference may not refer to an identifiable source:

Brown, 1997, p. 2
Emory, A., p. 4

These partial references are excluded.

Some journals mix end notes and bibliographic citations. If the journal does so on a regular basis, the references are not tagged for inclusion in cited references. If one or two end notes get slipped into what looks like a standard citation list, the end notes are removed from the list for the PsycINFO record. In this case, the number of "references" in the article might appear to be larger than the number listed in the PsycINFO record.

Some references are published in a language that is not expressed in Roman characters. At the present time, APA does not have the capacity to include those. As with the end notes, these references are omitted, and the number of references in the list will differ from the number in the article.

A few journals list references on every page of the article, rather than creating a reference list. These are not included in PsycINFO because they are too difficult to process. PsycINFO no longer accepts journals for coverage if they do not meet standards for journal publication. Journals that have been on the coverage list for some time are being reviewed to determine if PsycINFO should continue to index them.

Record types with cited references

square bullet Journal articles
square bullet Books
square bullet Chapters

Count as of April 2008

square bullet More than 29 million cited references in the PsycINFO database
square bullet Cited references included in more than 721,828 database records
square bullet Average number of cited references per record: 41

Format

square bullet APA style
square bullet Full journal titles whenever possible
square bullet 96% of author names are last name and initials only

Publication years with cited references

square bullet Comprehensively starting 2001 (with the exceptions listed above)
square bullet Retrospectively for earlier years as available

Distribution by publication year (as of April 2008)

YEAR CONTROL LEVELS TOTAL REFS DISPLAYABLE REFS
2008 19,492 833,523 832,434
2007 105,304 4,520,190 4,515,512
2006 114,918 4,816,812 4,810,195
2005 95,234 3,945,922 3,937,700
2004 88,314 3,634,499 3,627,420
2003 79,017 3,321,273 3,313,598
2002 69,299 2,901,940 2,896,657
2001 52,027 2,232,541 2,228,940
2000 15,607 765,576 764,189
1999 12,574 489,890 488,898
1998 2,331 117,943 117,941
1997 2,635 136,196 136,196
1996 2,469 121,265 121,265
1995 1,864 87,872 87,872
1994 1,657 82,787 82,786
1993 1,843 89,852 89,852
1992 1,841 84,705 84,705
1991 1,729 73,271 73,271
1990 2,670 64,929 64,929
1989 1,720 64,841 64,841
1988 1,407 49,430 49,430
1987 957 34,914 34,914
1986 36 1,577 1,577
1985 742 25,685 25,685
1984 1,554 49,359 49,359
1983 1,281 38,092 38,091
1982 1,578 46,657 46,657
1981 1,569 44,960 44,958
1980 1,548 41,717 41,717
1979 1,720 45,335 45,335
1978 1,112 26,811 26,809
1977 974 22,274 22,274
1976 1,258 29,037 29,037
1975 1,935 38,243 38,243
1974 2,129 37,673 37,666
1973 1,655 29,224 29,224
1972 1,649 28,011 28,010
1971 1,501 24,844 24,844
1970 1,622 25,211 25,211
1969 1,724 27,268 27,268
1968 1,191 18,698 18,698
1967 1,121 16,402 16,392
1966 1,348 19,741 19,727
1965 1,701 25,818 25,815
1964 1,283 18,497 18,497
1963 1,136 14,739 14,734
1962 1,068 13,027 13,027
1961 642 8,300 8,300
1960 847 11,151 11,151
1959 1,144 19,185 19,185
1958 404 5,130 5,130
1957 643 7,143 7,143
1956 641 7,883 7,883
1955 740 8,769 8,769
1954 691 9,495 9,494
1953 589 7,174 7,174
1952 429 5,175 5,175
1951 405 4,887 4,886
1950 374 5,323 5,323
1949 344 4,321 4,321
1948 275 5,202 5,202
1947 228 4,178 4,178
1946 223 3,960 3,960
1945 206 4,221 4,221
1944 248 4,138 4,138
1943 314 5,233 5,231
1942 269 4,690 4,689
1941 279 5,433 5,433
1940 265 4,368 4,368
1939 259 4,628 4,628
1938 213 3,963 3,963
1937 193 4,216 4,216
1936 197 3,966 3,966
1935 180 4,286 4,285
1934 159 4,489 4,489
1933 181 5,703 5,703
1932 83 2,973 2,973
1931 90 4,222 4,221
1930 78 3,742 3,742
1929 107 5,336 5,336
1928 92 4,287 4,287
1927 100 2,626 2,626
1926 706 13,951 13,951
1925 13 636 636
1924 7 143 141
1923 4 171 171
1922 6 299 299
1921 3 80 80
1920 9 348 348

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