Bibliography for Affirmative Action: Who Benefits?

Bruno, A. (1995, January). Affirmative action in employment. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.

Burstein, P. (1978). Equal employment opportunity legislation and the income of women and non-Whites. American Sociological Review, 44, 367-391.

Clayton, S. D., & Crosby, F. J. (1992). Justice, gender, and affirmative action. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608-630.

Crosby, F. J. (1994). Understanding affirmative action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 13-41.

Crosby, F. J., & Blanchard, F. A. (1989). Introduction: Affirmative action and the question of standards. In F. A. Blanchard & F. J. Crosby (Eds.), Affirmative action in perspective (pp. 3-7). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Crosby, F. J., & Cordova, D. J. (1995). Words worth of wisdom: Towards an understanding of affirmative action. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Crosby, F. J., Allen, B., & Opotow, S. (1992). Changing patterns of income among Blacks and Whites before and after Executive Order 11246. Social Justice Research, 5, 335-341.

DeVries, S., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1994). A comparative perspective on affirmative action: Positieve aktie in The Netherlands. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 179-199.

DiPrete, T. A. (1987). The professionalization of administration and equal employment opportunity in the U.S. federal government. American Journal of Sociology, 93, 119-140.

DiPrete, T. A., & Soule, W. T. (1986). The organization of career lines: Equal employment opportunity and status advancement in a federal bureaucracy. American Sociological Review, 51, 295-309.

Dovidio, J., & Gaertner, S. L. (1995). Affirmative action, unintentional racial biases, and intergroup relations. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Dovidio, J., Mann, J., & Gaertner, S. (1989). Resistance to affirmative action. In F.J. Crosby & F.A. Blanchard (Eds.), Affirmative action in perspective (pp. 83-103). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Eberhardt, J. L., & Fiske, S. T. (1994). Affirmative action in theory and practice: Issues of power, ambiguity, and gender versus race. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 201-220.

Eberts, R. W., & Stone, J. A. (1985). Male-female differences in promotions: EEO in public education. Journal of Human Resources, 20, 504-521.

Federal Glass Ceiling Commission (1995, March). Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation’s Human Capital. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Goldstein, M., & Smith, R. S. (1976). The estimated impact of the antidiscrimination program aimed at federal contractors. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 29, 524-543.

Heckman, J. J., & Wolpin, K. I. (1976). Does the contract compliance program work? An analysis of Chicago data. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 29, 544-564.

Heilman, M. E., Simon, M. C., & Repper, D. P. (1987). Intentionally favored, unintentionally harmed? Impact of sex-based preferential selection on self-perceptions and self-evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 62-68.

Helms, J. E. (1992). Black and white racial identity: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Greenwood Press.

Helms, J. E. (1992). A race is a nice thing to have: A guide to being a white person or understanding the white persons in your life. Topeka, KS: Content Communications.

Hersch, J. (1991). Equal employment opportunity law and firm profitability. Journal of Human Resources, 26, 139-153.

Holloway, F. A. (1989). What is affirmative action? In F. A. Blanchard & F. J. Crosby (Eds.), Affirmative action in perspective (pp. 9-10). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Leonard, J. S. (1984). Antidiscrimination or reverse discrimination: The impact of changing demographics, Title VII, and affirmative action on productivity. Journal of Human Resources, 21, 145-174.

Leonard, J. S. (1984). Employment and occupational advance under affirmative action. Review of Economics and Statistics, 66, 377-385.

Leonard, J. S. (1984). The impact of affirmative action on employment. Journal of Labor Economics, 2, 439-463.

Leonard, J. S. (1989). Women and affirmative action. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 61-75.

Leonard, J. S. (1990). The impact of affirmative action regulation and equal employment law on black employment. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4, 47-63.

Major, B., Feinstein, J., & Crocker, J. (1994). Attributional ambiguity of affirmative action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 113-141.

Murrell, A. J., & Jones, R. The paradox of affirmative action: Examining its impact and future for women and minorities in employment. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Murrell, A. J., Dietz, U. B. L., Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Drout, C. (1994). Aversive racism and resistance to affirmative action: Perceptions of justice are not easily color blind. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 113-141.

Nacoste, R. W. (1985). Selection procedure and responses to affirmative action. Law and Human Behavior, 9, 225-241.

Nacoste, R. W. (1987). But do they care about fairness? The dynamics of preferential treatment and minority interest. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 8, 177-191.

Nacoste, R. W. (1989). Affirmative action and self-evaluations. In F. A. Blanchard & F. J. Crosby (Eds.), Affirmative action in perspective (pp. 103-109). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Nacoste, R. W. (1990). Sources of stigma: Analyzing the psychology of affirmative action. Law and Policy, 5, 223-238.

Nacoste, R. W. (1992). Toward a psychological ecology of affirmative action. Social Justice Research, 5, 269-289.

Nacoste, R. W. (1994). If empowerment is the goal...: Affirmative action and social interaction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 87-112.

Nacoste, R. W. (1995). How affirmative action can pass constitutional and social psychological muster. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Nacoste, R. W., & Hummels, B. (1994). Affirmative action and the behavior of decision makers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 595-613.

Nacoste, R. W., & Lehman, D. (1987). Procedural stigma. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 17, 25-38.

Osterman, P. (1982). Affirmative action and opportunity: A study of female quit rates. Review of Economics and Statistics, 64, 604-612.

Pettigrew, T. F., & Martin, J. (1987). Shaping the organizational context for black American inclusion. Journal of Social Issues, 43, 41-78.

Pratkanis, A. R., & Turner, M. E. (1994). Nine principles of successful affirmative action: Mr. Branch Rickey, Mr. Jackie Robinson, and the integration of baseball. Nine: A Journal of Baseball History and Social Policy Perspectives, 3(1), 36-65.

Pratkanis, A. R., & Turner, M. E. (1994). The year Cool Papa Bell lost the batting title: Mr. Branch Rickey and Mr. Jackie Robinson's plea for affirmative action. Nine: A Journal of Baseball History and Social Policy Perspectives, 2(2), 260-276.

Pratkanis, A. R., & Turner, M. E. (1995). The proactive removal of discriminatory barriers: Affirmative action as effective help. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Sigelman, L., & Welch, S. (1991). Black Americans' views of racial inequality. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Son, I. S., Model, S. W., & Fisher, G. A. (1989). Polarization and progress in the black community: Earnings and status gains for young black males in the era of affirmative action. Sociological Forum, 4, 309-327.

Steel, B. S., & Lovrich, N. P. (1987). Equality and efficiency tradeoffs in affirmative action¾real or imagined? The case of women in policing. Social Science Journal, 24, 53-70.

Stephanopoulos, G., & Edley, C., Jr. (1995). Affirmative action review: Report to the President. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Taylor, D. A. (1989). Affirmative action and presidential executive orders. In F. A. Blanchard & F. J. Crosby (Eds.), Affirmative action in perspective (pp. 21-29). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Turner, M. E., & Pratkanis, A. R. (1993). Effects of preferential and meritorious selection on performance: An examination of intuitive and self-handicapping perspectives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 47-58.

Turner, M. E., & Pratkanis, A. R. (1994). Affirmative action as help: A review of recipient reactions to preferential selection and affirmative action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 15, 43-69.

Turner, M. E., Pratkanis, A. R., & Hardaway, T. (1991). Sex differences in reactions to preferential selection: Towards a model of preferential selection as help. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 797-814.

Uri, N. D., & Mixon, J. W. (1991). Effects of U.S. affirmative action programs on women's employment. Journal of Policy Modeling, 13, 367-382.

Wilson, R. (1995, May). Affirmative action: Yesterday, today, and beyond. Report. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

Zweigenhaft, R. L., & Domhoff, G. W. (1991). Blacks in the white establishment? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.