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Expanded and updated from the Electronic Resources section of the Fifth Edition of the Publication Manual, this comprehensive yet succinct style guide in PDF format offers up-to-date information on formatting electronic references in APA Style. With more than 40 example references, the APA Style Guide to Electronic References outlines for students and writers the key elements to include in references to electronic sources, with numerous examples.
Among the new examples are dissertations and theses; bibliographies; curriculum and course material; reference materials, including Wiki; gray literature, such as conference hearings, presentation slides, and policy briefs; general interest media and alternative presses such as audio podcasts; and online communities, such as Weblog posts and video Weblog posts. Students and writers will find this guide indispensable as well as convenient to download and use when citing electronic references.
Elements to Include in References to Electronic Sources
Understanding a URL
Using the Archival Copy or Version of Record
Example References
Journal Articles
- Article with DOI assigned
- Article with no DOI assigned
- Preprint version of article
- In-press article, retrieved from institutional or personal Web site
- Manuscript in preparation, retrieved from institutional or personal Web site
Electronic Books
- Entire book
- Book chapter
Dissertations and Theses
- Thesis retrieved from database
- Dissertation retrieved from institutional or personal Web site
- Dissertation defense
Abstracts
- Abstract as original source
- Abstract submitted for meeting, symposium, or poster session
- Abstract from secondary source
Bibliographies
- Bibliography from Web site
- Bibliography from courseware
- Bibliography as book chapter
Curriculum and Course Material
- Curriculum guide
- Lecture notes
Book Reviews and Journal Article Commentaries
- Book review
- Journal article peer commentary, no title
- Peer commentary, titled
Reference Materials
- Online encyclopedia
- Online dictionary
- Online handbook
- Wiki
Raw Data
- Data set
- Graphic representation of data
- Qualitative data
Computer Programs, Software, and Programming Languages
- Software downloaded from Web site
Gray Literature
- Annual report
- Fact sheet
- Consumer brochure
- Public service announcement
- Conference hearing
- Presentation slides
- Technical or research report
- Press release
- Policy brief
- Educational standards
- White paper
- Newsletter article
General Interest Media and Alternative Presses
- Newspaper article
- Television feature, podcast
- Audio podcast
- Online magazine content not found in print version
Undated Content on a Web Site
- Article on Web site, no date
Online Communities
- Message posted to a newsgroup, online forum, or discussion group
- Message posted to an electronic mailing list
- Weblog post
- Video Weblog post
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