APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology

Part of the landmark APA Handbooks in Psychology^® Series from APA

This four-volume handbook summarizes the current state of knowledge on major topics within the fields of personality and social psychology. Coverage is contemporary, is provocative, and sets an agenda for future work in the area.

Volume 1 focuses on attitudes and social cognition, describing the two main directions in which this domain has moved over the past quarter century. First, there is increasing focus on the phenomenology of daily life, with emphasis on the contents and drivers of mundane daily life. These include emotional experience, religious beliefs, feelings of control and agency, the function of conscious thought, and how all of these underpin our sense of self and important social behaviors. The second trend has been toward a deeper understanding of basic human nature, with increasing focus on unconscious or implicit cognitive processes that influence virtually all facets of daily life (e.g., how power transforms how we think about others and what qualities we associate with leadership).

Volumes 2 and 3 provide a broad framework to guide theorizing and research with respect to group processes and interpersonal relations in social psychology. Topics of discussion include theory and research on prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination; intergroup and intragroup processes; and the formation, maintenance, and dissolution of relationships. Together, the chapters reflect a wide range of theoretical perspectives at different levels of analysis, including perspectives from disciplines outside of psychology (e.g., biology, neuroscience, health sciences, sociology).

Volume 4 contains sections on personality processes and individual differences as well as sections on more holistic approaches, such as The Person in Context and The Person as a Whole.

Authors provide not only the foundational material on their topic but also discuss the big issues or bones of contention and what they see as the ways forward to resolve these issues.

Volume 1: Attitudes and Social Cognition

Eugene Borgida, PhD and John A. Bargh, PhD, Associate Editors

Editorial Board

About the Editors-in-Chief

Contributors

Series Preface

Handbook Introduction

Volume 1 Introduction

I. Human Nature

1. Evolutionary Social Cognition
   Steven L. Neuberg and Mark Schaller
2. Primate Social Cognition: What We Have Learned From Nonhuman Primates and Other Animals
   Lucy A. Bates and Richard W. Byrne
3. Psychological and Sociomoral Reasoning in Infancy
   Renée Baillargeon, Rose M. Scott, Zijing He, Stephanie Sloane, Peipei Setoh, Kyong-sun Jin, Di Wu, and Lin Bian
4. Embodiment of Cognition and Emotion
   Piotr Winkielman, Paula Niedenthal, Joseph Wielgosz, Jiska Eelen, and Liam C. Kavanagh

II. Consciousness and Unconsciousness

5. Minding the Mind: The Value of Distinguishing Among Unconscious, Conscious, and Metaconscious Processes
   Jonathan W. Schooler, Michael D. Mrazek, Benjamin Baird, and Piotr Winkielman
6. Metacognition
   Norbert Schwarz
7. Conscious Thoughts and the Causation of Behavior
   Roy F. Baumeister, E. J. Masicampo, and Kathleen D. Vohs
8. Faces and First Impressions
   Leslie A. Zebrowitz and Joann M. Montepare

III. The Phenomenology of Daily Life

9. Experimental Existential Psychology: Living in the Shadow of the Facts of Life
   Tom Pyszczynski, Daniel Sullivan, and Jeff Greenberg
10. Psychological Importance of Beliefs in Control and Order: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives in Social and Personality Psychology
    Aaron C. Kay, Daniel Sullivan, and Mark J. Landau
11. Social Cognition and Health
    Shelley E. Taylor
12. Coengagement, Coconstruction, Coevocation: Three Principles to Bridge Relationships and Social Cognition
    Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton and Özlem Ayduk

IV. Self and Other

13. Self and Other
    Sarah Molouki and Emily Pronin
14. Cultural Psychology
    Dov Cohen
15. Stereotyping: Processes and Content
    Susan T. Fiske and Courtney Bearns Tablante
16. Processes of Social Influence Through Attitude Change
    Richard E. Petty and Pablo Briñol
17. Social Cognition of Power
    Ana Guinote
18. Leadership
    Alice H. Eagly and John Antonakis
19. New Frontiers in Diversity Research: Conceptions of Diversity and Their Theoretical and Practical Implications
    Victoria C. Plaut, Sapna Cheryan, and Flannery G. Stevens

V. Affect and Emotion

20. Emotion–Cognition Interactions
    Dacher Keltner and E. J. Horberg
21. Implicit Attitudes
    Irene V. Blair, Nilanjana Dasgupta, and Jack Glaser
22. Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Systems
    Bruce P. Doré, Noam Zerubavel, and Kevin N. Ochsner
23. Political Cognition and Its Normative Implications for the "Democratic Experiment": Theory, Evidence, and Controversy
    Howard Lavine, John T. Jost, and Milton Lodge
24. Social Cognition in Law
    Eugene Borgida and Erik J. Girvan

VI. Motivation

25. Motivated Cognition in Self and Social Thought
    David Dunning
26. Self-Regulation and Its Failure: The Seven Deadly Threats to Self-Regulation
    Dylan D. Wagner and Todd F. Heatherton
27. Goal Pursuit Functions: Working Together
    E. Tory Higgins and Abigail A. Scholer
28. The Duality of Everyday Life: Dual-Process and Dual-System Models in Social Psychology
    Fritz Strack and Roland Deutsch

Index

Volume 2: Group Processes

John F. Dovidio, PhD and Jeffry A. Simpson, PhD, Associate Editors

Editorial Board

Contributors

Volume 2 Introduction

I. Intragroup Processes

1. Social Influence in Groups
   John M. Levine and R. Scott Tindale
2. Creativity in Groups
   Bernard A. Nijstad
3. Leadership: Theory and Practice
   S. Alexander Haslam, Stephen D. Reicher, and Michael J. Platow
4. Social Justice
   Tom R. Tyler
5. Groups and Morality
   Colin Wayne Leach, Rezarta Bilali, and Stefano Pagliaro
6. Conflict and Negotiation Within and Between Groups
   Carsten K. W. de Dreu, Hillie Aaldering, and Özŭm Saygi
7. Social Development and Intergroup Relations
   Melanie Killen, Aline Hitti, and Kelly Lynn Mulvey
8. Social Identity and Intergroup Relations
   Dominic Abrams
9. Convergence and Divergence in Perceptions of Persons and Groups
   David L. Hamilton, Steven J. Sherman, Nate Way, and Elise J. Percy
10. Intergroup Emotions
    Diane M. Mackie and Eliot R. Smith
11. Dehumanization and Intergroup Relations
    Nick Haslam

II. Intergroup Processes

12. "The World Isn't Fair": A System Justification Perspective on Social Stratification and Inequality
    John T. Jost, Danielle Gaucher, and Chadly Stern
13. The Hidden Dynamics of Discrimination: How Ideologies Organize Power and Influence Intergroup Relations
    Rob Foels and Felicia Pratto
14. Helping Relations and Inequality Between Individuals and Groups
    Arie Nadler and Samer Halabi
15. Interacting Across Racial Lines
    J. Nicole Shelton and Jennifer A. Richeson
16. Psychological Perspectives on Immigration and Acculturation
    Victoria M. Esses, Stelian Medianu, Leah Hamilton, and Natalia Lapshina
17. Stereotype Threat in Intergroup Relations
    Toni Schmader, William Hall, and Alyssa Croft
18. Experiencing and Coping With Social Stigma
    Manuela Barreto
19. Psychological Processes in Social Action
    Martijn van Zomeren
20. Contact Between Groups
    Linda R. Tropp and Elizabeth Page-Gould

Index

Volume 3: Interpersonal Relations

Jeffry A. Simpson, PhD and John F. Dovidio, PhD, Associate Editors

Editorial Board

Contributors

Volume 3 Introduction

I. Major Theoretical Approaches

1. Evolution and Close Relationships
   Vladas Griskevicius, Martie G. Haselton, and Joshua M. Ackerman
2. Attachment Processes in Adult Romantic Relationships
   Paula R. Pietromonaco and Lindsey A. Beck
3. Interdependence Theory
   Paul A. M. Van Lange and Daniel Balliet
4. Relationships and the Self: Egosystem and Ecosystem
   Jennifer Crocker and Amy Canevello

II. Biological Approaches and Health

5. Relationship Neuroscience
   Lane Beckes and James A. Coan
6. Relationships and Health
   Timothy J. Loving and David A. Sbarra

III. Attraction and Relationship Development

7. Interpersonal Attraction: In Search of a Theoretical Rosetta Stone
   Eli J. Finkel and Paul W. Eastwick
8. Relationship Initiation and Development
   Susan Sprecher, Diane Felmlee, Sandra Metts, and William Cupach
9. Ideal Mate Standards and Romantic Relationships
   Lorne Campbell, Jennifer C. Pink, and Sarah C. E. Stanton

IV. Motivation, Emotion, and Intersubjectivity

10. Goal Pursuit in Relationships
    Gráinne M. Fitzsimons and Michelle R. vanDellen
11. Emotions in Relationships
    Julie Fitness
12. The Matter of Other Minds: Empathic Accuracy and the Factors That Influence It
    Sara D. Hodges, Karyn L. Lewis, and William Ickes

V. Support, Communication, and Power

13. Social Support
    Marci E. J. Gleason and Masumi Iida
14. Communication in Personal Relationships
    Anita L. Vangelisti
15. Power and Social Influence in Relationships
    Jeffry A. Simpson, Allison K. Farrell, M. Minda Oriña, and Alexander J. Rothman
16. Power: Past Findings, Present Considerations, and Future Directions
    Adam D. Galinsky, Derek D. Rucker, and Joe C. Magee

VI. Friendship, Love, and Sexuality

17. Friendship
    Daniel Perlman, Nan L. Stevens, and Rodrigo J. Carcedo
18. Love: Conceptualization and Experience
    Beverley Fehr
19. Sexuality and Same-Sex Sexuality in Relationships
    Lisa M. Diamond

VII. Maintenance, Strife, and Dissolution

20. Why Marriages Change Over Time
    Benjamin R. Karney
21. Relationship Maintenance and Dissolution
    Christopher R. Agnew and Laura E. VanderDrift
22. Established and Emerging Perspectives on Violence in Intimate Relationships
    Kim Bartholomew, Rebecca J. Cobb, and Donald G. Dutton

Index

Volume 4: Personality Processes and Individual Differences

M. Lynne Cooper, PhD and Randy J. Larsen, PhD, Associate Editors

Editorial Board

Contributors

Volume 4 Introduction

I. Origins and Development of Personality

1. Evolutionary Personality Psychology
   David M. Buss and Lars Penke
2. Genetics of Personality
   Susan C. South, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Nicholas R. Eaton, and Robert F. Krueger
3. Neurobiological Substrates of Personality: A Critical Overview
   Tal Yarkoni
4. The Development of Temperament and Personality Traits in Childhood and Adolescence
   Rebecca L. Shiner
5. Personality Development Across the Life Span: Current Findings and Future Directions
   M. Brent Donnellan, Patrick L. Hill, and Brent W. Roberts

II. Personality Processes

6. Personality Processes and Processes as Personality: A Cognitive Perspective
   Michael D. Robinson and Benjamin M. Wilkowski
7. Personality, Affect, and Affect Regulation
   Adam A. Augustine and Randy J. Larsen
8. Agency and Its Discontents: A Two-Process Perspective on Basic Psychological Needs and Motives
   Kennon M. Sheldon and Julia Schüler
9. The Interplay of Personality and Self-Regulation
   Rick H. Hoyle and Patrick Gallagher
10. Terror Management Motivation at the Core of Personality
    Mark J. Landau and Daniel Sullivan

III. Individual Differences

11. On the Properties of Personality Traits
    Sampo V. Paunonen and Ryan Y. Hong
12. Self- and Other-Knowledge of Personality
    Simine Vazire and Brittany C. Solomon
13. What Makes a Good Structural Model of Personality? Evaluating the Big Five and Alternatives
    Gerard Saucier and Sanjay Srivastava
14. Behavioral Approach, Behavioral Avoidance, and Behavioral Inhibition
    Charles S. Carver
15. Psychological Underpinnings to Impulsive Behavior
    Gregory T. Smith and Leila Guller
16. Interpersonal Traits
    Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell, Priya A. Iyer-Eimerbrink, and Jennifer M. Knack
17. Openness/Intellect: A Dimension of Personality Reflecting Cognitive Exploration
    Colin G. DeYoung

IV. The Person as a Whole

18. Person-Centered Approaches to Personality
    Jens B. Asendorpf
19. Personality and the Life Story
    Dan P. McAdams and Erika Manczak
20. Self-Processes in the Construction and Maintenance of Personality
    Mark R. Leary and Kaitlin Toner

V. The Person in Context

21. The Interplay of Persons and Situations: Retrospect and Prospect
    D. S. Moskowitz and Marc A. Fournier
22. The Person as a Cognitive-Affective Processing System: Quantitative Idiography as an Integral Component of Cumulative Science
    Yuichi Shoda, Nicole L. Wilson, Donna D. Whitsett, Jenna Lee-Dussud, and Vivian Zayas
23. Gender and Personality
    Vicki S. Helgeson
24. Birth Cohort Differences in Personality
    Jean M. Twenge, Brittany Gentile, and W. Keith Campbell
25. The Interplay Between Culture and Personality
    Virginia S. Y. Kwan and Sarah D. Herrmann

VI. Personality and Adaptation

26. Personality and Subjective Well-Being: Current Issues and Controversies
    Richard E. Lucas and Ed Diener
27. Personality Disorders and Personality
    Timothy J. Trull and Thomas A. Widiger
28. Personality and Career Success
    Robert Hogan and Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
29. Personality and Physical Health
    Timothy W. Smith, Paula G. Williams, and Suzanne C. Segerstrom

VII. The Future of Personality

30. Six Visions for the Future of Personality Psychology
    Verónica Benet-Martinez, M. Brent Donnellan, William Fleeson, R. Chris Fraley, Samuel D. Gosling, Laura A. King, Richard W. Robins, and David C. Funder

Index

Mario Mikulincer, PhD, is professor of psychology and dean of the School of Psychology at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel. He has coauthored and coedited numerous books and more than 320 scholarly journal articles and book chapters.

Dr. Mikulincer's main research interests are attachment theory, terror management theory, personality processes in interpersonal relationships, coping with stress and trauma, grief-related processes, and prosocial motives and behavior.

He is a member of the editorial boards of several scientific journals, including Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Psychological Inquiry, and Personality and Social Psychology Review and has served as associate editor of two journals, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology and Personal Relationships. Currently, he acts as chief editor of the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.

He is a fellow of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology and the Association for Psychological Sciences. He received the EMET Prize in Social Science for his contributions to psychology and the Berscheid–Hatfield Award for Distinguished Midcareer Achievement from the International Association for Relationship Research.

Phillip R. Shaver, PhD, is a social and personality psychologist and Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Davis. Before moving there, he served on the faculties of Columbia University, New York University, University of Denver, and State University of New York at Buffalo.

He has coauthored and coedited numerous books and has published more than 300 scholarly journal articles and book chapters.

Dr. Shaver's research focuses on attachment, human motivation and emotion, close relationships, personality development, and the effects of meditation on behavior and the brain.

He is a member of the editorial boards of Attachment and Human Development, Personal Relationships, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and Emotion and has served on grant review panels for the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.

He has been executive officer of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology and is a fellow of both APA and the Association for Psychological Science.

Dr. Shaver received a Distinguished Career Award from the International Association for Relationship Research and has served as president of that organization.

The authors and editors of the APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology have offered considerable evidence that supports a bullish assessment of the prospects for current and future progress in the development of concepts and methodology in both fields.
—PsycCRITIQUES