This edition is no longer for sale. However, an updated edition is available.
This second edition of the now-classic Methodological Issues and Strategies in Clinical Research is, like its predecessor, designed for students and professionals in training to improve understanding of methodology and research practices not only in clinical psychology, but also in the field of psychology generally (especially in areas such as counseling, educational, and school psychology).
Editor Alan E. Kazdin's goal is to foster greater understanding of the strengths, limitations, and options of methodology in the context of contemporary research practices. This edition includes articles on experimental design; principles, procedures, and practices that govern research; assessment; sources of artifact and bias; methods of data analysis and interpretation; ethical issues; and the publication and communication of research findings.
Although there is a flow and sequence in the research process that underlies the selection of the many highly readable articles in this book, Dr. Kazdin has selected readings illustrating that the diverse facets of design are integrally related at the outset, that is, that they emerge when the study is conceived.
With 22 new articles and significantly revised and expanded introductory material, the second edition includes many scholarly contributions that expand upon core concepts, reflect contemporary issues in research, and elaborate on ethical responsibilities in relation to research participants and to science itself. Such additions include articles on mediators and moderators, on methods for studying the efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy, on making research relevant to clinical practice and policy, and on the oversight of research by committees that review scientific merit and ethical practices and the standards of scientific conduct.
List of Contributors
Preface
Introduction
I. Background and Underpinnings of Research
Underpinnings and Tenets of Research
- Psychology From the Standpoint of a Generalist
—Gregory A. Kimble
Developing Research Ideas
- Getting Out of Our Conceptual Ruts: Strategies for Expanding Conceptual Frameworks
—Allan W. Wicker - Discovery-Oriented Psychotherapy Research: Rationale, Aims, and Methods
—Alvin R. Mahrer
Conceptualizing Independent Variables
- Toward Terminological, Conceptual, and Statistical Clarity in the Study of Mediators and Moderators: Examples From the Child-Clinical and Pediatric Psychology Literatures
—Grayson N. Holmbeck
II. Methods: Principles and Practices
Sampling Subjects and Conditions
- Random Sampling, Randomization, and Equivalence of Contrasted Groups in Psychotherapy Outcome Research
—Louis M. Hsu - Stimulus Sampling in Clinical Research: Representative Design Reviewed
—Brendan A. Maher
Design Options and Approaches
- In Defense of External Invalidity
—Douglas G. Mook - When Small Effects Are Impressive
—Deborah A. Prentice and Dale T. Miller - Within-Subjects Designs: To Use or Not to Use?
—Anthony G. Greenwald
III. Assessment
Designing and Evaluating Measures
- Scale Construction
—Reneé V. Dawis - Constructing Validity: Basic Issues in Objective Scale Development
—Lee Anna Clark and David Watson - Validity of Psychological Assessment: Validation of Inferences From Persons' Responses and Performances as Scientific Inquiry into Score Meaning
—Samuel Messick
Measurement Among Different Samples
- Methodological Issues in Assessment Research With Ethnic Minorities
—Sumie Okazaki and Stanley Sue
IV. Data Analysis, Evaluation, and Interpretation
Background and Underpinnings of Data Analyses
- On the Origins of the .05 Level of Statistical Significance
—Michael Cowles and Caroline Davis - Hypothesis Validity of Clinical Research
—Bruce E. Wampold, Betsy Davis, and Roland H. Good III - Things I Have Learned (So Far)
—Jacob Cohen
Null Hypotheses and Statistical Significance Testing
- Power Primer
—Jacob Cohen - Statistical Significance Testing and Cumulative Knowledge in Psychology: Implications for Training of Researchers
—Frank L. Schmidt - The Appropriate Use of Null Hypothesis Testing
—Robert W. Frick
V. Special Topics in Clinical Research
Case Study and Small Sample Research
- Drawing Valid Inferences From Case Studies
—Alan E. Kazdin - Single-Case Experimental Design and Empirical Clinical Practice
—Steven C. Hayes - Efficacy and Specific Effects Data on New Treatments: A Case Study Strategy With Mixed Anxiety-Depression
—Karla Moras, Leslie A. Telfer, and David H. Barlow
Evaluating Treatment or Other Interventions
- Testing the Integrity of a Psychotherapy Protocol: Assessment of Adherence and Competence
—Jennifer Waltz, Michael E. Addis, Kelly Koerner, and Neil S. Jacobson - Treatment of Aptitude X Treatment Interactions
—Bradley Smith and Lee Sechrest - Clinical Significance: A Statistical Approach to Defining Meaningful Change in Psychotherapy Research
—Neil S. Jacobson and Paula Truax
Designing Research to Be Relevant for Practice and Policy
- Improving the Transition From Basic Efficacy Research to Effectiveness Studies: Methodological Issues and Procedures
—Gregory N. Clarke - Therapy Outcome Research, Health Care Policy, and the Continuing Lack of Accumulated Knowledge
—Wolfgang Linden and Frances K. Wen - Toward the Incorporation of Costs, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, and Cost-Benefit Analysis Into Clinical Research
—Brian T. Yates
VI. Ethics in Research
Guidelines and Codes
- Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
—American Psychological Association - Will the New Code Help Researchers to Be More Ethical?
—Joan E. Sieber - Scientific Rewards and Conflicts of Ethical Choices in Human Subjects Research
—Peter David Blank, Alan S. Bellack, Ralph L. Rosnow, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, and Nina R. Schooler
Special Topics and Issues
- The Institutional Review Board as a Mirror of Scientific and Ethical Standards
—Ralph L. Rosnow, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Stephen J. Ceci, Peter David Blanck, and Gerald P. Koocher - Current NIH Perspectives on Misconduct in Science
—Mary L. Miers - Reflections on Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order on Faculty-Student Collaborations
—Mark A. Fine and Lawrence A. Kurdek
VII. Publication and Communication of Research
- Preparing and Evaluating Research Reports
—Alan E. Kazdin - Writing a Review Article for Psychological Bulletin
—Daryl J. Bem - Tips for Writing (and Reading) Methodological Articles
—Scott E. Maxwell and David A. Cole - Writing Meta-Analytic Reviews
—Robert Rosenthal - Ten Fatal Mistakes in Grant Writing
—E. R. Oetting
References
Index
About the Editor
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