A Century of Psychology as Science

List of Contributors

Note from the Publisher

Introduction
—Sigmund Koch and David E. Leary

Foreword: Wundt's Creature at Age Zero—and as Centenarian: Some Aspects of the Institutionalization of the "New Psychology"
—Sigmund Koch

I. The Systematic Framework of Psychology

Psychology as Science? The Disciplinary Status of Psychology

1. The Constitutive Problem of Psychology
   —George A. Miller
2. Toward the Articulation of Psychology as a Coherent Discipline
   —Amedeo Giorgi
3. Science, Psychology, and Explanation: Synonyms or Antonyms?
   —Daniel N. Robinson
4. The Nature and Limits of Psychological Knowledge: Lessons of a Century qua "Science"
   —Sigmund Koch

Dominant Twentieth-Century Systems of Psychology

5. Rediscovering Gestalt Psychology
   —Mary Henle
6. Behaviorism and Psychology: An Uneasy Alliance
   —Howard H. Kendler
7. Freud and Experimental Psychology: The Emergence of Idiodynamics
   —Saul Rosenzweig
8. Psychoanalysis and Behavior Theory: 1907–1965
   —Robert R. Sears

II. The Special Fields of Psychology

Sensory Processes and Perception

9. Conclusions from a Century of Research on Sense Perception
   —James J. Gibson
10. James J. Gibson's Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
    —Margaret A. Hagen
11. Perception: A One-Hundred-Year Perspective
    —Ralph Norman Haber

Learning

12. Conditioning and Learning
    —Gregory A. Kimble
13. The Two Psychologies of Learning: Blind Alleys and Nonsense Syllables
    —A. Charles Catania

Motivation, Emotion, and Value

14. Motivation, the Brain, and Psychological Theory
    —Dalbir Bindra
15. Biological Necessity, Emotional Transformation, and Personal Value
    —Joseph de Rivera

Cognition

16. Duncker on Thinking: An Inquiry into Progress in Cognition
    —Allen Newell
17. Some Trends in the Study of Cognition
    —Henry Gleitman
18. Psyche and the Computer: Integrating the Shadow
    —Frederick J. Crosson

Development

19. A Century of Character Development
    —Jane Loevinger
20. Child Development Research
    —David Elkind

Personality

21. What Have We Learned about Personality?
    —Nevitt Sanford
22. Looking for Personality
    —Walter Mischel

Social Psychology

23. Social Psychology and the Phoenix of Unreality
    —Kenneth J. Gergen
24. Toward Social Psychology's Second Century
    —William J. McGuire

III. Psychology and Its Intersecting Disciplines

Psychology and Philosophy

25. The Cult of Empiricism in Psychology, and Beyond
    —Stephen Toulmin and David E. Leary
26. The Logos of Psyche: Phenomenological Variations on a Theme
    —Richard M. Zaner
27. Conceptual Analysis and Psychological Theory
    —William P. Alston

Psychology and Mathematics

28. Mathematical Modeling of Perceptual, Learning, and Cognitive Processes
    —R. Duncan Luce
29. Multivariate Statistics: When Will Experimental Psychology Catch Up?
    —Richard J. Harris

Psychology and the Neurosciences

30. Mind and Brain, Psychology and Neuroscience, the Eternal Verities
    —Karl H. Pribram
31. The Visceral Systems in Psychology
    —John I. Lacey

Psychology and Evolutionary Biology

32. Some Thoughts on the Evolution of Comparative Psychology
    —Stephen E. Glickman
33. Genes, Consciousness, and Behavior Theory
    —Richard D. Alexander

Psychology and Linguistics

34. Psychology and Linguistics: The First Half-Century
    —Arthur L. Blumenthal
35. Psychology and Linguistics: Detachment and Affiliation in the Second Half-Century
    —John B. Carroll

Psychology and Aesthetics

36. The Other Gustav Theodor Fechner
    —Rudolf Arnheim

IV. Psychology in Relation to Society, Culture, and Sensibility

Psychology and the Public Good

37. Psychology in Cultural Context: The Division of Labor and the Fragmentation of Experience
    —Stephan L. Chorover
38. Psychology: Handmaiden to Society
    —Dorothea D. Braginsky

Psychology as Viewed and Practiced by the Humanist: Four Perspectives

39. How Psychology Makes Itself True—or False
    —Alasdair MacIntyre
40. William James: The Mind as Artist
    —Jacques Barzun
41. Nietzsche as the First Great (Depth) Psychologist
    —Walter Kaufmann
42. Psychology and Poetry: The Uneven Dance
    —Elizabeth Sewell

Afterword
—Sigmund Koch

Postscript
—Sigmund Koch

Author Index

Subject Index

Sigmund Koch is currently University Professor of Psychology and Philosophy at Boston University. He has concentrated on theoretical, methodological, philosophical, and historical problems of psychology for more than 40 years. Early in his career he also made experimental contributions to the psychology of learning and motivation. He directed and edited the study of the status of psychology at mid-century, sponsored by the APA and subsidized by the National Science Foundation, which resulted in the six-volume series, Psychology: A Study of a Science (McGraw-Hill, 1959, 1962, 1963). Now regarded as a classic, this work was received by reviewers in such terms as "a monument to psychology's first 100 years" and "probably the most important publishing event in psychology." He has lectured at most of the major universities in North America and the United Kingdom and has held four Divisional presidencies within the APA. During the past decade, he has (as director of the Boston University Aesthetics Research Archive) conducted intensive studies of the work processes of outstanding artists in a variety of fields.

David E. Leary is currently dean of arts and sciences and professor of psychology at the University of Richmond. Previously, he was professor of psychology, history, and the humanities and codirector of the graduate program in the history and theory of psychology at the University of New Hampshire. A former president of the History of Psychology Division of the APA, he is an APA Fellow and has been a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Stanford, California. He has published broadly in the history and philosophy of psychology and is the editor of Metaphors in the History of Psychology (Cambridge University Press, 1990).