Journal scope statement
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors® publishes peer-reviewed original articles related to the psychological aspects of addictive behaviors. The journal includes articles on the following topics:
- alcohol use and alcohol use disorders
- drug use and drug use disorders
- smoking and nicotine use and disorders
- eating disorders, and
- other addictive behaviors
Randomized trials, laboratory and prospective studies, and meta-analyses are given the highest priorities. Cross-sectional studies, especially those involving convenience samples, will need to make unique contributions to be competitive in this journal.
Disclaimer: APA and the editors of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors assume no responsibility for statements and opinions advanced by the authors of its articles.
Equity, diversity, and inclusion
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors supports equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in its practices. More information on these initiatives is available under EDI Efforts.
Open science
The APA Journals Program is committed to publishing transparent, rigorous research; improving reproducibility in science; and aiding research discovery. Open science practices vary per editor discretion. View the initiatives implemented by this journal.
Editor’s Choice
This journal’s content is highlighted in the APA Editor’s Choice newsletter, a free, bi-weekly compilation of editor-recommended APA Journals articles. More information is available under the submission guidelines.
Author and editor spotlights
Explore journal highlights: free article summaries, editor interviews and editorials, journal awards, mentorship opportunities, and more.
Submission
To submit to the Editorial Office of Katie Witkiewitz, PhD, please submit manuscripts electronically through the Manuscript Submission portal Microsoft Word (.docx) or LaTex (.tex) as a zip file with an accompanied Portable Document Format (.pdf) of the manuscript file
All new manuscripts submitted should be prepared according to the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. APA Style and Grammar Guidelines for the 7th edition are available.
General correspondence may be directed to
Katie Witkiewitz, PhD
Department of Psychology
University of New Mexico
MSC 03-2220, Logan Hall
1 University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131
Email: Editor's office
Every attempt will be made to review manuscripts rapidly and to keep publication lag at a minimum. The opinions and statements published are the responsibility of the authors, and such opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the policies of the publisher or of Division 50 or the views of the editor.
In addition to addresses and phone numbers, please supply electronic mail addresses and fax numbers, if available, for potential use by the editorial office and later by the production office.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is using a software system to screen submitted content for similarity with other published content. The system compares the initial version of each submitted manuscript against a database of 40+ million scholarly documents, as well as content appearing on the open web. This allows APA to check submissions for potential overlap with material previously published in scholarly journals (e.g., lifted or republished material).
Editor’s Choice
Each issue of Psychology of Addictive Behavior will highlight one manuscript with the designation as an “Editor’s Choice” paper. Selection is based on the recommendations of the editor, who considers the paper’s potential impact to the field, the distinction of expanding the contributors to, or the focus of, our science, or its discussion of an important future direction for science.
Manuscripts
All titles and degrees should be omitted from authors' names. All manuscripts should include the following footnote typed on a separate sheet in APA format: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to [give the author's full name and mailing address].
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors has firm page limitations on manuscripts. A full-length manuscript should contain no more than 40 pages inclusive of title page, abstract, text, references, tables, figures, and appendices. A brief report is 10 pages, excluding title page, abstract, author note, references, figures, and tables. Margins of 1 inch and font size of 12 point must be employed, per APA style.
Commentaries are also accepted in response to a single article recently published in Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. The primary purpose would be to provide a meaningful insight, concern, alternative interpretation, clarification, or critical analysis.
Commentaries should not exceed 5 pages, excluding title page, abstract, author note, references, figures, and tables. Margins of 1 inch and font size of 12 point must be employed, per APA style. The title of a Brief Comment should include a subtitle reflecting the actual title and year of publication of the article that engendered the comment. Commentaries should be submitted no later than 6 months after publication of the original article.
Registered reports and replications
In addition to full-length research papers and brief reports reporting novel findings, the journal publishes registered reports, negative findings, replications, commentaries, and reviews. Replication submissions should include “A Replication of XX Study” in the subtitle of the manuscript as well as in the abstract. Preregistration of replication studies is strongly recommended, but not required.
Registered reports require a two-step review process.
The first step is the submission of the registration manuscript. This is a partial manuscript that includes hypotheses, rationale for the study, experimental design, and methods. The partial manuscript will be reviewed for significance and methodological approach.
If the partial manuscript is accepted this amounts to provisional acceptance of the full report regardless of the outcome of the study. The full manuscript will receive rapid editorial review, for adherence to the preregistered design, and expedited production for publication in the journal.
All articles can be published as full-length articles or as brief reports. A registered report should contain no more than 40 pages inclusive of title page, abstract, text, references, tables, figures, and appendices. A brief report is 10 pages, excluding title page, abstract, author note, references, figures, and tables. Margins of 1 inch and font size of 12 point must be employed, per APA style.
The journal has partnered with the Peer Community In Registered Reports (PCI-RR) as an “interested” journal to encourage the publication of registered reports.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors may offer to review or publish any Stage 1 or Stage 2 Registered Reports within the journal’s disciplinary scope that receives in-principle PCI RR acceptance or recommendation. Eligible registered reports will be subject to Psychology of Addictive Behaviors’s additional criteria. Further details are available on PCI RR’s website.
Open science badges
Articles are eligible for open science badges recognizing publicly available data, materials, and/or preregistration plans and analyses. These badges are awarded on a self-disclosure basis.
At submission, authors must confirm that criteria have been fulfilled in a signed badge disclosure form (PDF, 33KB) that must be submitted as supplemental material. If all criteria are met as confirmed by the editor, the form will then be published with the article as supplemental material.
Authors should also note their eligibility for the badge(s) in the cover letter.
For all badges, items must be made available on an open-access repository with a persistent identifier in a format that is time-stamped, immutable, and permanent. For the preregistered badge, this is an institutional registration system.
Data and materials must be made available under an open license allowing others to copy, share, and use the data, with attribution and copyright as applicable.
Available badges are:
Open Data:
All data necessary to reproduce the reported results that are digitally shareable are made publicly available. Information necessary for replication (e.g., codebooks or metadata) must be included.
Open Data; Protected Access:
A Protected Access (PA) notation may be added to open data badges if sensitive, personal data are available only from an approved third-party repository that manages access to data to qualified researchers through a documented process. To be eligible for an open data badge with such a notation, the repository must publicly describe the steps necessary to obtain the data and detailed data documentation (e.g. variable names and allowed values) must be made available publicly.
Open Materials:
All materials necessary to reproduce the reported results that are digitally shareable, along with descriptions of non-digital materials necessary for replication, are made publicly available.
Preregistered:
At least one study's design has been preregistered with descriptions of (a) the research design and study materials, including the planned sample size; (b) the motivating research question or hypothesis; (c) the outcome variable(s); and (d) the predictor variables, including controls, covariates, and independent variables. Results must be fully disclosed. As long as they are distinguished from other results in the article, results from analyses that were not preregistered may be reported in the article.
Preregistered+Analysis Plan:
At least one study's design has been preregistered along with an analysis plan for the research — and results are recorded according to that plan.
Note that it may not be possible to preregister a study or to share data and materials. Applying for open science badges is optional.
Registration of clinical trials
As of March 1, 2020 registration will be required for all clinical trials (studies designed to examine the efficacy or effectiveness of a treatment or preventive intervention) reporting primary outcome findings. Prospective registration (i.e., pre-registration) is required if recruitment began on or after March 1, 2020. Retrospective registration will be accepted only if recruitment began before this date.
Clinical trials must be registered at ClinicalTrials.gov or at another recognized registry. A complete list of acceptable trial registries can be found via the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Differences between registered and reported methods or outcomes must be explained clearly and transparently in the manuscript.
Trial protocols, including statistical analysis plans, must be made available to readers. Both published and unpublished protocols are acceptable. Published protocols should be cited in the manuscript. Unpublished protocols may be provided in online-only supplements or made available by request.
Use of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Intervention Trials (SPIRIT) checklist is recommended.
For secondary analyses of existing data sets, where primary analyses have already been published (or are in press), registration is not required. For such analyses, registration status must be made transparent in the manuscript, and authors must follow guidelines about data transparency provided below. The article(s) reporting the primary outcomes, and the findings, must be cited in the manuscript.
Manuscripts reporting long-term outcomes of studies for which the primary outcomes have already been published also will not require registration, but authors must follow the guidelines above for secondary analyses.
For studies that are not clinical trials, registration is encouraged, but not required.
Authors must note registration status in their cover letter, in the manuscript, and in the submission portal.
Required use of JARS and MARS guidelines and the 21-Word Statement
In order to maintain consistency and fairness in the review process and in the reporting of scientific findings, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors requires that ALL manuscripts conform to Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) and Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards (MARS) as described in Applebaum et al. (2018):
Applebaum, Cooper, Kline, Mayo-Wilson, Nezu, & Rao (2018). Journal Article Reporting Standards for Quantitative Research in Psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board Task Force Report. American Psychologist, 73, 3-25.
The editorial team will use consistency with the JARS/MARS guidelines as a review criterion, and manuscripts may be rejected if guidelines are not followed.
When deviating from JARS/MARS guidelines, authors must provide the rationale in their cover letter and describe the limitations of doing so in their manuscript. We also recommend checking reporting guidelines from the Equator Network for your particular study design.
Manuscripts must also report (1) how the sample size was determined, (2) all data exclusions, (3) all manipulations, and (4) all study measures. See Simmons, Nelson, & Simonsohn (2012) for details; include the following statement in the Method section:
- We report how we determined our sample size, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study.
Title of manuscript
The title of a manuscript should be accurate, fully explanatory, and preferably no longer than 12 words.
If the paper reports a randomized clinical trial (RCT), this should be indicated in the title. Note that JARS criteria must be used for reporting purposes.
Abstract and keywords
All manuscripts must include an abstract containing a maximum of 250 words typed on a separate page. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywords or brief phrases.
Manuscripts published in the Psychology of Addictive Behaviors will include a structured abstract of up to 250 words.
For studies that report randomized clinical trials or meta-analyses, the abstract also must be consistent with the guidelines set forth by JARS or MARS guidelines, respectively. Thus, in preparing a manuscript, please ensure that it is consistent with the guidelines stated below.
Please include an abstract of up to 250 words, presented in paragraph form.
The abstract should be typed on a separate page (page 2 of the manuscript), and must include each of the following sections:
- Objective: A brief statement of the purpose of the study.
- Method: A detailed summary of the participants (N, age, gender, ethnicity) as well as descriptions of the study design, measures (including names of measures), and procedures.
- Results: A detailed summary of the primary findings that clearly articulate comparison groups (if relevant), and that indicate significance or confidence intervals for the main findings.
- Conclusions: A description of the research and clinical implications of the findings.
Author contributions statements using CRediT
The APA Publication Manual (7th ed.) stipulates that “authorship encompasses…not only persons who do the writing but also those who have made substantial scientific contributions to a study.” In the spirit of transparency and openness, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors has adopted the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to describe each author's individual contributions to the work. CRediT offers authors the opportunity to share an accurate and detailed description of their diverse contributions to a manuscript.
Submitting authors will be asked to identify the contributions of all authors at initial submission according to this taxonomy. If the manuscript is accepted for publication, the CRediT designations will be published as an Author Contributions Statement in the author note of the final article. All authors should have reviewed and agreed to their individual contribution(s) before submission.
CRediT includes 14 contributor roles, as described below:
- Conceptualization: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
- Data curation: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse.
- Formal analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
- Funding acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
- Investigation: Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
- Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
- Project administration: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
- Resources: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
- Software: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
- Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
- Validation: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
- Visualization: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
- Writing—original draft: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
- Writing—review and editing: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision—including pre- or post-publication stages.
Authors can claim credit for more than one contributor role, and the same role can be attributed to more than one author.
Public health significance statements
Authors submitting manuscripts to Psychology of Addictive Behaviors are required to provide 2–3 brief sentences regarding the public health significance of their paper. This description should be included within the manuscript on the abstract/keywords page. It should be written in language that is easily understood by both professionals and members of the lay public.
When an accepted paper is published, these sentences will be used in dissemination by the journal, including e-mail alerts, the Society of Addiction Psychology website, and on social media (Twitter and Facebook). This new policy is in keeping with efforts to increase dissemination and usage by larger and diverse audiences.
Examples include the following:
- "This study indicates that vaping cannabis is increasing among adolescents and adolescent with lower perceptions of risk were more likely to use cannabis."
- "This review found that mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly being studied as a primary treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders. The review also found that mindfulness-based interventions are as effective as other treatments."
- "This study highlights the importance of including measures of other substances, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other prescription and illicit drugs, in studies examining opioid use disorder and chronic pain."
To be maximally useful, these statements of public health significance should not simply be sentences lifted directly out of the manuscript.
They are meant to be informative and useful to any reader. They should provide a bottom-line, take-home message that is accurate and easily understood. In addition, they should be able to be translated into media-appropriate statements for use in press releases and on social media.Prior to final acceptance and publication, all public health significance statements will be carefully reviewed to make sure they meet these standards. Authors will be expected to revise statements as necessary.
Transparency and openness
APA endorses the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines by a community working group in conjunction with the Center for Open Science (Nosek et al. 2015). Empirical research, including meta-analyses, submitted to Psychology of Addictive Behaviors must meet the “disclosure” level for all eight aspects of research planning and reporting and the “requirement” level for data citation and design and analysis transparency. Authors should include a subsection in the Method section titled “Transparency and Openness.” This subsection should detail the efforts the authors have made to comply with the TOP guidelines. For example:
- We report how we determined our sample size, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we follow JARS (Kazak, 2018). All data, analysis code, and research materials are available at [stable link to repository]. Data were analyzed using R, version 4.0.0 (R Core Team, 2020) and the package ggplot, version 3.2.1 (Wickham, 2016). This study’s design and its analysis were not pre-registered.
In order to reduce the likelihood of duplicate or piecemeal publication, authors are required to provide, in their cover letter, a list of published, in press, and under review studies that come from the same dataset as the one in the submitted manuscript, as well as a narrative description of how the submitted manuscript differs from the others.
This narrative description should include how the manuscript differs (or does not) in terms of research question and variables studied.
If requesting masked review (see below), then authors also are required to submit a masked version of the narrative description that can be provided to reviewers. Please add this as an appendix table on the last page of the submitted manuscript. Please base your description on the following examples, edited according to your specific data circumstances.
Narrative example: Multiple uses of data collected from the same sample
- The data reported in this manuscript have been previously published and/or were collected as part of a larger data collection (at one or more points in time). Findings from the data collection have been reported in separate manuscripts. MS 1 (published) focuses on variables 1, 2, and 3; while MS 2 (in press) focuses on variables 4, 5, and 6. MS 3 (the current manuscript) focuses on variables 8, 9, and 15. MS 4 (soon to be submitted) will focus on variables 10, 12, and 14.
Narrative example: Publicly available dataset
- The data reported in this manuscript were obtained from publicly available data, [name of project, along with website link to project description]. A bibliography of journal articles, working papers, conference presentations, and dissertations using the [name of project] is available at [website link to bibliography list]. The variables and relationships examined in the present article have not been examined in any previous or current articles, or to the best of our knowledge in any papers that will be under review soon. [Alternatively, clarify any overlap of variables, as done in the narrative example above].
Upon submission of the manuscript, authors will be required to attest to the provision of the required information described above.
Finally, upon acceptance of a manuscript, authors will be required to provide, as part of the author note, a list of related published papers that come from the same dataset, unless such papers are clearly described and referenced in the manuscript (specifically noting that findings come from the same dataset).
Data, materials, and code
Authors must state whether data and study materials are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access them. Recommended repositories include APA’s repository on the Open Science Framework (OSF), or authors can access a full list of other recommended repositories. Trusted repositories adhere to policies that make data discoverable, accessible, usable, and preserved for the long term. Trusted repositories also assign unique and persistent identifiers.
In a subsection titled “Transparency and Openness” at the end of the Method section, specify whether and where the data and material will be available or include a statement noting that they are not available. For submissions with quantitative or simulation analytic methods, state whether the study analysis code is posted to a trusted repository, and, if so, how to access it.
For example:
- All data have been made publicly available at the [trusted repository name] and can be accessed at [persistent URL or DOI].
- Materials and analysis code for this study are available by emailing the corresponding author.
- Materials and analysis code for this study are not available.
- The code behind this analysis/simulation has been made publicly available at the [trusted repository name] and can be accessed at [persistent URL or DOI].
Preregistration of studies and analysis plans
Preregistration of studies and specific hypotheses can be a useful tool for making strong theoretical claims. Likewise, preregistration of analysis plans can be useful for distinguishing confirmatory and exploratory analyses. Investigators are encouraged to preregister their studies and analysis plans prior to conducting their research via a publicly accessible registry system (e.g., OSF, ClinicalTrials.gov, or other trial registries in the WHO Registry Network). There are many available templates; for example, APA, the British Psychological Society, and the German Psychological Society partnered with the Leibniz Institute for Psychology and Center for Open Science to create Preregistration Standards for Quantitative Research in Psychology (Bosnjak et al., 2022).
Articles must state whether or not any work was preregistered and, if so, where to access the preregistration. If any aspect of the study is preregistered, include the registry link in the method section note.
For example:
- This study’s design was preregistered prospectively, before data were collected; see [STABLE LINK OR DOI].
- This study’s design and hypotheses were preregistered after data had been collected but before analyses were undertaken; see [STABLE LINK OR DOI].
- This study’s analysis plan was preregistered; see [STABLE LINK OR DOI].
- This study was not preregistered.
Optional masked review
If authors would like to have masked review of their manuscripts, then the authors must also submit a title page that shows the title of the manuscript, the authors' byline names and institutional affiliations in order of authorship, and the date the manuscript is submitted.
The title page must also include an author note that identifies each author's departmental affiliation at the time the reported research was conducted, any funding or other acknowledgments, details of any prior dissemination of the ideas and data appearing in the manuscript, and one current address that will provide a point of contact for the interested reader.
The first page of the manuscript should omit the authors' names and affiliations but should include the title of the manuscript and the date it is submitted.
It is the authors' responsibility to see that the manuscript itself contains no clues to the authors' identity, including grant numbers, names of institutions providing IRB approval, self-citations, and links to online repositories for data, materials, code, or preregistrations (e.g., Create a View-only Link for a Project).
Please ensure that the final version for production includes a byline and full author note for typesetting.
Manuscript preparation
Prepare manuscripts according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association using the 7th edition. Manuscripts may be copyedited for bias-free language (see Chapter 5 of the Publication Manual). APA Style and Grammar Guidelines for the 7th edition are available.
In particular, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors recommends against the use of terminology that can stigmatize people who use alcohol, drugs, other addictive substances or who have an addictive behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is in agreement with the consensus statement on Addiction Terminology developed by the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors.
All empirical manuscripts are required to report on sex and gender, and race and ethnicity of the included samples. Studies that are limited by only including predominantly non-Hispanic and white participants need to acknowledge this limitation and note that findings may not generalize to non-White participants. Explicitly describing the study as relevant to primarily white participants could also be captured by the title of the manuscript and/or reflected in the abstract. The examination of race and ethnicity should not be reified as a biological factor and authors should incorporate and explicitly discuss how race and ethnicity may be proxy measures for systemic racism, as well as cultural, social, environmental, economic, and structural factors. For more information please see these standards for publishing on racial health inequalities (Boyd, Lindo, Weeks, & McLemore, 2020).
Review APA's Journal Manuscript Preparation Guidelines before submitting your article.
Double-space all copy. Other formatting instructions, as well as instructions on preparing tables, figures, references, metrics, and abstracts, appear in the Manual. Additional guidance on APA Style is available on the APA Style website.
Below are additional instructions regarding the preparation of display equations, computer code, and tables.
Display equations
We strongly encourage you to use MathType (third-party software) or Equation Editor 3.0 (built into pre-2007 versions of Word) to construct your equations, rather than the equation support that is built into Word 2007 and Word 2010. Equations composed with the built-in Word 2007/Word 2010 equation support are converted to low-resolution graphics when they enter the production process and must be rekeyed by the typesetter, which may introduce errors.
To construct your equations with MathType or Equation Editor 3.0:
- Go to the Text section of the Insert tab and select Object.
- Select MathType or Equation Editor 3.0 in the drop-down menu.
If you have an equation that has already been produced using Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010 and you have access to the full version of MathType 6.5 or later, you can convert this equation to MathType by clicking on MathType Insert Equation. Copy the equation from Microsoft Word and paste it into the MathType box. Verify that your equation is correct, click File, and then click Update. Your equation has now been inserted into your Word file as a MathType Equation.
Use Equation Editor 3.0 or MathType only for equations or for formulas that cannot be produced as Word text using the Times or Symbol font.
Computer code
Because altering computer code in any way (e.g., indents, line spacing, line breaks, page breaks) during the typesetting process could alter its meaning, we treat computer code differently from the rest of your article in our production process. To that end, we request separate files for computer code.
In online supplemental material
We request that runnable source code be included as supplemental material to the article. For more information, visit Supplementing Your Article With Online Material.
In the text of the article
If you would like to include code in the text of your published manuscript, please submit a separate file with your code exactly as you want it to appear, using Courier New font with a type size of 8 points. We will make an image of each segment of code in your article that exceeds 40 characters in length. (Shorter snippets of code that appear in text will be typeset in Courier New and run in with the rest of the text.) If an appendix contains a mix of code and explanatory text, please submit a file that contains the entire appendix, with the code keyed in 8-point Courier New.
Tables
Use Word's insert table function when you create tables. Using spaces or tabs in your table will create problems when the table is typeset and may result in errors.
Academic writing and English language editing services
Authors who feel that their manuscript may benefit from additional academic writing or language editing support prior to submission are encouraged to seek out such services at their host institutions, engage with colleagues and subject matter experts, and/or consider several vendors that offer discounts to APA authors.
Please note that APA does not endorse or take responsibility for the service providers listed. It is strictly a referral service.
Use of such service is not mandatory for publication in an APA journal. Use of one or more of these services does not guarantee selection for peer review, manuscript acceptance, or preference for publication in any APA journal.
Submitting supplemental materials
APA can place supplemental materials online, available via the published article in the PsycArticles® database. Please see Supplementing Your Article With Online Material for more details.
References
List references in alphabetical order. Each listed reference should be cited in text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
Examples of basic reference formats:
Journal article
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
Authored book
Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000
Chapter in an edited book
Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones. K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012
All data, program code and other methods must be cited in the text and listed in the References section.
Data set citation
Alegria, M., Jackson, J. S., Kessler, R. C., & Takeuchi, D. (2016). Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20240.v8
Software/Code citation
Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. https://www.jstatsoft.org/v36/i03/
Wickham, H. et al., (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), 1686, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686
All data, program code and other methods must be appropriately cited in the text and listed in the references section.
Figures
Preferred formats for graphics files are TIFF and JPG, and preferred format for vector-based files is EPS. Graphics downloaded or saved from web pages are not acceptable for publication. Multipanel figures (i.e., figures with parts labeled a, b, c, d, etc.) should be assembled into one file. When possible, please place symbol legends below the figure instead of to the side.
Resolution
- All color line art and halftones: 300 DPI
- Black and white line tone and gray halftone images: 600 DPI
Line weights
- Adobe Photoshop images
- Color (RGB, CMYK) images: 2 pixels
- Grayscale images: 4 pixels
- Adobe Illustrator Images
- Stroke weight: 0.5 points
APA offers authors the option to publish their figures online in color without the costs associated with print publication of color figures.
The same caption will appear on both the online (color) and print (black and white) versions. To ensure that the figure can be understood in both formats, authors should add alternative wording (e.g., “the red (dark gray) bars represent”) as needed.
For authors who prefer their figures to be published in color both in print and online, original color figures can be printed in color at the editor's and publisher's discretion provided the author agrees to pay:
- $900 for one figure
- An additional $600 for the second figure
- An additional $450 for each subsequent figure
Permissions
Authors of accepted papers must obtain and provide to the editor on final acceptance all necessary permissions to reproduce in print and electronic form any copyrighted work, including test materials (or portions thereof), photographs, and other graphic images (including those used as stimuli in experiments).
On advice of counsel, APA may decline to publish any image whose copyright status is unknown.
Publication policies
For full details on publication policies, including use of Artificial Intelligence tools, please see APA Publishing Policies.
APA policy prohibits an author from submitting the same manuscript for concurrent consideration by two or more publications.
See also APA Journals® Internet Posting Guidelines.
APA requires authors to reveal any possible conflict of interest in the conduct and reporting of research (e.g., financial interests in a test or procedure, funding by pharmaceutical companies for drug research).
In light of changing patterns of scientific knowledge dissemination, APA requires authors to provide information on prior dissemination of the data and narrative interpretations of the data/research appearing in the manuscript (e.g., if some or all were presented at a conference or meeting, posted on a listserv, shared on a website, including academic social networks like ResearchGate, etc.). This information (2–4 sentences) must be provided as part of the Author Note.
Ethical Principles
It is a violation of APA Ethical Principles to publish "as original data, data that have been previously published" (Standard 8.13).
In addition, APA Ethical Principles specify that "after research results are published, psychologists do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis and who intend to use such data only for that purpose, provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and unless legal rights concerning proprietary data preclude their release" (Standard 8.14).
APA expects authors to adhere to these standards. Specifically, APA expects authors to have their data available throughout the editorial review process and for at least 5 years after the date of publication.
Authors are required to state in writing that they have complied with APA ethical standards in the treatment of their sample, human or animal, or to describe the details of treatment.
The APA Ethics Office provides the full Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct electronically on its website in HTML, PDF, and Word format. You may also request a copy by emailing or calling the APA Ethics Office (202-336-5930). You may also read "Ethical Principles," December 1992, American Psychologist, Vol. 47, pp. 1597–1611.
Other information
See APA’s Publishing Policies page for more information on publication policies, including information on author contributorship and responsibilities of authors, author name changes after publication, the use of generative artificial intelligence, funder information and conflict-of-interest disclosures, duplicate publication, data publication and reuse, and preprints.
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Editor
Katie Witkiewitz, PhD
University of New Mexico, United States
Associate editors
Celestina Barbosa-Leiker, PhD
Washington State University, United States
William R. Corbin, PhD
Arizona State University, United States
Elizabeth J. D’Amico, PhD
RAND Corporation, United States
Christian S. Hendershot, PhD
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
Andrea Hussong, PhD
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Kevin M. King, PhD
University of Washington, United States
Danielle E. McCarthy, PhD
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
R. Kathryn McHugh, PhD
Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, United States
James G. Murphy, PhD
University of Memphis, United States
Carla J. Rash, PhD
University of Connecticut Health Center, United States
Monica Webb Hooper, PhD
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Consulting editors
Ana Abrantes, PhD
Brown University
Sheila M. Alessi, PhD
University of Connecticut School of Medicine, United States
Rebecca L. Ashare, PhD
University of Pennsylvania, United States
Brown University, United States
Devin Banks, PhD
University of Missouri at St. Louis, United States
Bruce D. Bartholow, PhD
University of Missouri, United States
Warren K. Bickel, PhD
Virginia Polytechnic and State University Carilion Research Institute, United States
Gallus Bischof, PhD
University of Lübeck, Germany
Daniel M. Blonigen, PhD
VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States
Brian Borsari, PhD
San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California – San Francisco, United States
Kaitlin (Katie) Bountress, PhD
Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
Daniel E. Bradford, PhD
University of Miami, United States
Adrian J. Bravo, PhD
William & Mary, United States
Jennifer F. Buckman, PhD, MBA
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
Julia Buckner, PhD
Louisiana State University, United States
Ekaterina Burduli, PhD
Washington State University College of Nursing, United States
Jason J. Burrow-Sanchez, PhD
University of Utah, United States
Jessica L. Burris, PhD
University of Kentucky, United States
Beatriz Carlini, PhD, MPH
University of Washington, United States
Ryan Carpenter, PhD
University of Missouri at St. Louis, United States
Yessenia Castro, PhD
University of Texas at Austin, United States
Jesus Chavarria, PhD
University of Western Ontario, Canada
Kelvin Choi, PhD
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Tammy Chung, PhD
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
Luke Clark, PhD
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Michael J. Cleveland, PhD
Washington State University, United States
J. Douglas Coatsworth, PhD
University of Tennessee, United States
Craig R. Colder, PhD
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
Susan E. Collins, PhD
Washington States University, United States
Veronica Cole, PhD
Wake Forest University, United States
Fiona N. Conway, PhD
The University of Texas at Austin, United States
Jessica W. Cook, PhD
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States
Melissa Cox, PhD
East Carolina University, United States
Kasey G. Creswell, PhD
Carnegie Mellon University, United States
Kelly Cue Davis, PhD
ASU Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, United States
Jordan P. Davis, PhD
University of Southern California, United States
Sarah S. Dermody PhD
Ryerson University, Toronto Ontario, Canada
Joseph W. Ditre, PhD
Syracuse University, United States
Jonas Dora, PhD
University of Washington, United States
Cristiane S. Duarte, PhD
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, United States
Michael S. Dunbar, PhD
RAND Corporation, United States
Kelly E. Dunn, PhD, MBA
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States
Robert D. Dvorak, PhD, ABPP
University of Central Florida, United States
David H. Epstein, PhD
National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States
Anne Fairlie, PhD
University of Washington, United States
Anne Fernandez, PhD
University of Michigan, United States
Craig Field, PhD
University of Texas at El Paso, United States
Matt Field, PhD
University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
Mark T. Fillmore, PhD
University of Kentucky, United States
Sally M. Gainsbury, PhD
University of Sydney, Australia
Maria A. Gartstein, PhD
Washington State University, United States
Nisha C. Gottfredson, PhD
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Joshua B. Grubbs, PhD
University of New Mexico, United States
Angela Haeny, PhD
Yale University, United States
Kevin A. Hallgren, PhD
University of Washington Medical Center, United States
Margo Hurlocker, PhD
University of New Mexico, United States
Mary Hatch-Maillette, PhD
University of Washington, United States
Peter S. Hendricks, PhD
University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
David C. Hodgins, PhD
University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Rebecca J. Houston, PhD
Rochester Institute of Technology, United States
Andrea L. Howard, PhD
Carleton University, Canada
Kristina M. Jackson, PhD
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
Tim Janssen, PhD
Brown University, United States
Keanan Joyner, PhD
University of California at Berkeley, United States
David C. R. Kerr, PhD
Oregon State University, United States
Brian D. Kiluk, PhD
Yale School of Medicine, United States
Hyoun Kim, PhD
University of Calgary, Canada
Mikhail Koffarnus, PhD
University of Kentucky, United States
Benjamin O. Ladd, PhD.
Washington State University, United States
Shawn J. Latendresse, M.S., PhD.
Baylor University, United States
David M. Ledgerwood, PhD
Wayne State University, United States
Robert F. Leeman, PhD.
Northeastern University, United States
Teresa M. Leyro, PhD
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael, PhD
Pennsylvania State University, United States
Kristen P. Lindgren, PhD., ABPP
University of Washington, United States
Andrew Littlefield, PhD
Texas Tech University, United States
Susan Luczak, PhD
University of Southern California, United States
Priscilla Lui, PhD
University of Washington, United States
Leslie H. Lundahl, PhD
Wayne State University School of Medicine, United States
Gregory J. Madden, PhD
Utah State University, United States
Jennifer L. Maggs, PhD
The Pennsylvania State University, United States
Molly Magill, PhD
Brown University School of Public Health, United States
Stephen A. Maisto, PhD
Syracuse University, United States
Laura Reid Marks, PhD
Florida State University
Nadine R Mastroleo, PhD
Binghamton University, United States
Denis M. McCarthy, PhD
University of Missouri, United States
Michael G. McDonell, PhD
Washing State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, United States
Sherry A. McKee, PhD
Yale University School of Medicine, United States
Madeline H. Meier, PhD.
Arizona State University, United States
Jennifer E. Merrill, PhD
Brown University, United States
Jane Metrik, PhD
Brown University, United States
Cynthia D. Mohr, PhD
Portland State University, United States
Brooke S. G. Molina, PhD.
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Kevin S. Montes, PhD
California State University, Dominquez Hills, United States
Eun-Young Mun, PhD.
University of North Texas Health Science Center, United States
Sarah E. Nelson, PhD
Harvard Medical School, United States
Roisin M. O'Connor, PhD
Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Tian Po S. Oei, PhD
The University of Queensland, Australia
Oladunni Oluwoye, PhD
Washington State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, United States
Don Operario, PhD
Emory University, United States
Brian D. Ostafin, PhD
University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Aesoon Park, PhD
Syracuse University, United States
Kathleen A. Parks, PhD
State University of New York at Buffalo, United States
Sarah L. Pedersen, PhD
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Eric R. Pedersen, PhD
University of Southern California, United States
Rory Pfund, PhD
University of Memphis, United States
Thomas M. Piasecki, PhD
University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States
Lena C. Quilty, PhD
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Patrick D. Quinn, PhD
Indiana University Bloomington, United States
Allecia Reid, PhD
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
Elizabeth K. Reynolds, PhD
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States
Damaris J. Rohsenow, PhD
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, United States
John M. Roll, PhD
Washington State University, United States
Corey R. Roos, PhD
Yale University, United States
Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, PhD
University of Lübeck, Germany
Jessica Salvatore, PhD
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
Ty S. Schepis, PhD
Texas State University, United States
Frank J. Schwebel, PhD
University of New Mexico, United States
William G. Shadel, PhD
RAND Corporation, United States
Ryan C. Shorey, PhD
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Department of Psychology, United States
Patricia Simon, PhD
Yale School of Medicine, United States
Monica C. Skewes, PhD
Montana State University, United States
Wendy S. Slutske, PhD
University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States
Claire Spears, PhD
Georgia State University, United States
Marc L. Steinberg, PhD.
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States
Sherry H. Stewart, PhD
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Justin Strickland, PhD
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States
Elisa M. Trucco, PhD.
Florida International University, United States
Jalie A. Tucker, PhD, MPH
University of Florida, United States
Joan S. Tucker, PhD
RAND Corporation, United States
Matthew T. Tull, PhD.
University of Toledo, United States
Tomoko Udo, PhD
University at Albany, The State University of New York, United States
Chrystal Vergara-Lopez, PhD
Brown University, United States
Anka A. Vujanovic, PhD
Texas A&M University, United States
Eric F. Wagner, PhD
Florida International University, United States
Jeffrey D. Wardell, PhD
York University, Canada
Andrew J. Waters, PhD
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States
Andrea H. Weinberger, PhD
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, United States
Thomas A. Wills, PhD
University of Hawaii Cancer Center
Stephen J. Wilson, PhD
The Pennsylvania State University, United States
Ken C. Winters, PhD
Oregon Research Institute, United States
Ali M. Yurasek, PhD
University of Florida, United States
Kristyn Zajac, PhD
University of Connecticut School of Medicine, United States
William H. Zywiak, PhD
Brown University, United States
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- Addictive Behavior as Behavioral Allocation:
Special issue of APA's Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 37, No. 1, February 2023. This special issue includes articles that focus on the scientific and applied fruits of molar behaviorism and behavioral economics as they pertain to understanding and changing addictive behavior.
- Brief Alcohol Interventions for Young Adults:
Special issue of the APA journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 36, No. 6, September 2022. The articles in this special issue address innovative methods and approaches that can be used to reduce AUD among young adults.
- Combined Use of Alcohol and Cannabis:
Special issue of APA’s journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 35, No. 6, September 2021. The special issue was assembled to advance our understanding of the characteristics and consequences of combined use of alcohol and cannabis.
- Honoring the Legacy of Nancy M. Petry, PhD:
Special issue of the APA journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 34, No. 1, February 2020. The articles span the multiple areas of addiction research to which Dr. Nancy Petry made key contributions, including behavior analysis and behavior pharmacology; contingency management; demographic predictors of outcomes across multiple clinical trials; reinforcer pathology and decision making; and gambling.
- Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use:
Special issue of the APA journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 30, No. 7, November 2016. The articles profile emerging theory-driven science on PTSD and substance use disorders, specifically with regard to the biological, psychological, and social processes implicated in etiology and maintenance, as well as promising innovations in treatment approach.
- Neuroimaging Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy for Addictive Behaviors:
Special issue of the APA journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 27, No. 2, June 2013. Articles include integrative conceptual reviews and innovative empirical research on brain-based mechanisms that may underlie risk for addictive behaviors and response to psychotherapy from adolescence through adulthood.
Transparency and Openness Promotion
APA endorses the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines by a community working group in conjunction with the Center for Open Science (Nosek et al. 2015). The TOP Guidelines cover eight fundamental aspects of research planning and reporting that can be followed by journals and authors at three levels of compliance.
For example:
- Level 1: Disclosure—The article must disclose whether or not the materials are posted to a trusted repository.
- Level 2: Requirement—The article must share materials via a trusted repository when legally and ethically permitted (or disclose the legal and/or ethical restriction when not permitted).
- Level 3: Verification—A third party must verify that the standard is met.
At a minimum, empirical research, including meta-analyses, submitted to Psychology of Addictive Behaviors must meet Level 1 (Disclosure) for all eight aspects of research planning and reporting as well as Level 2 (Requirement) for data citation and design and analysis transparency. Authors should include a subsection in their methods description titled “Transparency and Openness.” This subsection should detail the efforts the authors have made to comply with the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines.
The list below summarizes the minimal TOP requirements of the journal. Please refer to the Center for Open Science TOP guidelines for details, and contact the editor (Katie Witkiewitz, PhD) with any further questions. APA recommends sharing data, materials, and code via trusted repositories (e.g., APA’s repository on the Open Science Framework (OSF)). Trusted repositories adhere to policies that make data discoverable, accessible, usable, and preserved for the long term. Trusted repositories also assign unique and persistent identifiers.
We encourage investigators to preregister their studies and to share protocols and analysis plans prior to conducting their research. Clinical trials are studies that prospectively evaluate the effects of interventions on health outcomes, including psychological health. Clinical trials must be registered before enrolling participants on ClinicalTrials.gov or another primary register of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). There are many available preregistration forms (e.g., the APA Preregistration for Quantitative Research in Psychology template, ClinicalTrials.gov, or other preregistration templates available via OSF). Completed preregistration forms should be posted on a publicly accessible registry system (e.g., OSF, ClinicalTrials.gov, or other trial registries in the WHO Registry Network).
The following table presents the eight fundamental aspects of research planning and reporting, the TOP level required by Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, and a brief description of the journal’s policy.
- Citation: Level 2, Requirement—All data, program code, and other methods developed by others must be cited in the text and listed in the references section.
- Data Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether the raw and/or processed data on which study conclusions are based are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access them.
- Analytic Methods (Code) Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether computer code or syntax needed to reproduce analyses in an article is posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access it.
- Research Materials Transparency: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether materials described in the method section are posted to a trusted repository and, if so, how to access them.
- Design and Analysis Transparency (Reporting Standards): Level 2, Requirement—Article must comply with APA Style Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS-Quant, JARS-Qual, and MARS), including information about: 1) how the sample size was determined, 2) all data exclusions, 3) all manipulations, and 4) all study measures. See Simmons, Nelson, & Simonsohn (2012) for details.
- Study Preregistration: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether the study design and (if applicable) hypotheses of any of the work reported was preregistered and, if so, how to access it. Authors may submit a masked copy via stable link or supplemental material or may provide a link after acceptance.
- Analysis Plan Preregistration: Level 1, Disclosure—Article states whether any of the work reported preregistered an analysis plan and, if so, how to access it. Authors may submit a masked copy via stable link or supplemental material or may provide a link after acceptance.
- Replication: Level 1, Disclosure—The journal publishes replications.
Other open science initiatives
- Open Science badges: Offered
- Public significance statements: Offered
- Author contribution statements using CRediT: Required
- Registered Reports: Published
- Replications: Published
Journal equity, diversity, and inclusion statement
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors acknowledges the institutional and structural racism that is inherent in the United States drug policy and the disproportionate harm inflicted onto communities and individuals because of race, ethnicity, nationality, religiosity, socioeconomic status, ability status, gender identification, or sexual orientation. We acknowledge that we have been complicit in systemic oppression, and we are committed to using Psychology of Addictive Behaviors as a platform to promote justice and equity in research examining substance use, substance use disorder, and addictive behaviors.
For authors who are submitting to Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, we require that you report on sex and gender, and race and ethnicity of the included samples. The examination of race and ethnicity should not be reified as a biological factor and authors should incorporate and explicitly discuss how race and ethnicity are often proxy measures for systemic racism, as well as cultural, social, environmental, economic, and structural factors. We encourage authors to use systems-centered language that acknowledges that systemic factors are often the root causes of disproportionate findings across diverse groups. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors recommends person-first language and the use of terminology that does not stigmatize people who use alcohol, drugs, other addictive substances, or who engage in an addictive behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is in agreement with the consensus statement on Addiction Terminology developed by the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors encourages addiction psychologists and authors to not only inform themselves but to also inform others about differences and similarities between and within individuals of all backgrounds, recognizing that diversity extends well beyond race and ethnicity, including but not limited to variables such as gender, ability status, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religion, language, and acculturation levels, and acknowledging the impact that the intersectionality of each of these aspects has on addictive behaviors. It is imperative that addiction psychologists be committed to cultural sensitivity and cultural humility, increasing our awareness and confronting structural oppression and the biases within our profession and ourselves, and developing the skills necessary to work with individuals of all backgrounds and identities.
Inclusive study designs
- Collaborative research models
- Diverse samples
- Registered Reports
Definitions and further details on inclusive study designs are available on the Journals EDI homepage.
Inclusive reporting standards
- Bias-free language and community-driven language guidelines (required)
- Author contribution roles using CRediT (required)
- Reflexivity (recommended)
- Data sharing and data availability statements (required)
- Impact statements (required)
- Year(s) of data collection (recommended)
- Participant sample descriptions (required)
- Sample justifications (required)
- Constraints on Generality (COG) statements (recommended)
- Inclusive reference lists (recommended)
More information on this journal’s reporting standards is listed under the submission guidelines tab.
Pathways to authorship and editorship
Editorial fellowships
Editorial fellowships help early-career psychologists gain firsthand experience in scholarly publishing and editorial leadership roles. This journal offers an editorial fellowship program for early-career psychologists from historically excluded communities.
Reviewer mentorship program
This journal encourages reviewers to submit co-reviews with their students and trainees. The journal likewise offers a formal reviewer mentorship program where graduate students and postdoctoral fellows from historically excluded groups are matched with a senior reviewer to produce an integrated review.
Principal Reviewer
This journal offers a Principal Reviewer designation for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to provide credit for contributions as reviewers for the journal.
Other EDI offerings
ORCID reviewer recognition
Open Research and Contributor ID (ORCID) Reviewer Recognition provides a visible and verifiable way for journals to publicly credit reviewers without compromising the confidentiality of the peer-review process. This journal has implemented the ORCID Reviewer Recognition feature in Editorial Manager, meaning that reviewers can be recognized for their contributions to the peer-review process.
Masked peer review
This journal offers masked peer review (where both the authors’ and reviewers’ identities are not known to the other). Research has shown that masked peer review can help reduce implicit bias against traditionally female names or early-career scientists with smaller publication records (Budden et al., 2008; Darling, 2015).
Announcements
Editor Spotlight
From Monitor on Psychology
- Taking a broad view of addiction (November 2013)
