CWS collects, analyzes and disseminates information relevant to psychology's workforce and education system. View reports and survey findings on topics including salaries, employment, the psychology education pipeline, and APA and division membership.
CWS publications
Datapoints are monthly one-page sheets published in the Monitor on Psychology. Datapoints cover workforce topics, such as demographic characteristics, work settings, salaries, supply and demand and more. View Datapoints.
Psychologist Workforce Respond to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Fact sheets, data tool, and report based on APA's COVID-19 Telehealth Practitioner Survey data.
- Recruitment and Retention of a Diverse Health Service Psychology Workforce
This study analyzes demographic data for students and faculty of APA-accredited health service psychology doctoral programs. - Supply of Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health Providers (First Project)
This study determines the amount and characteristics of licensed psychologists with various specializations nationwide who treat children and adolescents with behavioral health disorders. - Supply of Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health Providers (Second Project)
APA will partner with the BHWRC to conduct a new survey of health service psychologists to inform nationally representative estimates on the clinical child and adolescent psychology workforce.
- Psychologist Workforce Projections from 2015-30: Addressing Supply and Demand
- Supply Scenarios for the Psychologist Workforce Fact Sheet (PDF, 157KB)
- Demand Scenarios for the Psychologist Workforce Fact Sheet (PDF, 174KB)
- Geographic Equivalence Fact Sheet (PDF, 231KB)
- Racial/Ethnic Equivalence Fact Sheet (PDF, 151KB)
- Unmet Need Fact Sheet (PDF, 154B)
- Demand Across Age Groups Fact Sheet (PDF, 276KB)
- Demand Across Racial/Ethnic Groups Fact Sheet (PDF, 212KB)
- Demand Within the Hispanic Population Fact Sheet (PDF, 212KB)
- Demand Within the Black/African-American Population Fact Sheet (PDF, 212KB)
- Demand by Employment Setting Fact Sheet (PDF, 146KB)
- Geographic Patterns in Supply and Demand Fact Sheet (PDF, 388KB)
- Data Sources Fact Sheet (PDF, 178KB)
The reports provide information on the demographic and educational characteristics, practice patterns, and other provider-related information for licensed psychologists in the United States.
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2021 Survey of Health Service Psychologists
Collects key information about the nation’s health service psychologists to better understand the workforce and better prepare the workforce for the future. -
2015 APA Survey of Psychology Health Service Providers
Due to differences in methodologies, results from the 2015 survey and previous years may not be comparable. - Special Analysis: Career Stages of Health Service Psychologists
A special analyses of the 2015 APA Survey of Psychology Health Services with a focus on career stages. -
Special Analysis: Psychologists Providing Services to Various Population Groups
A series of CWS fact sheets that focus on characteristics of psychologists providing services to various population groups.
Characteristics of psychology research doctorates in faculty positions (1995-2015)
The report provides educational, employment and demographic information of psychology research doctorates in faculty positions based on data from the 1995–2015 Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Tracking career pathways and outcomes for psychology degree-holders.
- 2015-17 Job Advertisements in Psychology
A series of reports and data tools that focus on the characteristics of job advertisements posted to PsycCareers from 2015 through 2017. - 2014 Online Job Advertisements for Licensed Psychologists
The report describes the characteristics of online job advertisements seeking licensed psychologists in 2014, based on data from the Burning Glass Technologies, a leading developer of online labor market database.
- 2004-13: Psychology Master's and Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Broad Field, Subfield, Institution Type and State
Overview of psychology doctorate and master's degrees awarded from 2004 to 2013. - 2008-17: Psychology Master’s and Doctoral Degrees awarded by Subfield, Institution Type, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity
Overview of psychology doctorates and master’s degrees awarded from 2008 to 2017.
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2013: Salaries
Starting from 2013, salary data were from the National Survey of College Graduates by the National Science Foundation. Data from previous years were collected from the APA Salary Surveys. As such, methodologies between 2013 and previous years differ and may not be comparable.
Surveys of faculty salaries in graduate departments of psychology have been conducted since the mid-1960s, first by COGDOP, and after 1978 by APA in conjunction with COGDOP. Subsequent years saw the survey broaden in scope to cover more diverse issues concerning graduate education. Later, a portion was folded in with the ongoing Graduate Study effort.
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2014-15: Psychology Faculty Salaries
Starting in 2014-15, faculty salary data were obtained from the College and University Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR) Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey. Data from previous years were collected from the APA Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology Survey. As such, methodologies between 2014-15 and previous years differ and may not be comparable. -
2013-14: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2012-13: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2010-11: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2010-11: The NCSPP Member and Associate School Tables: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology (PDF, 113KB)
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2009-10: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2008-09: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2007-08: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2006-07: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2005-06: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2004-05: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2003-04: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2002-03: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2001-02: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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2000-01: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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1999-2000: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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1998-99: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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1997-98: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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1996-97: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
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1995-96: Faculty Salaries in Graduate Departments of Psychology
- 2007-16: Demographics of the U.S. psychology workforce: Findings from the American Community Survey
The report presents a update on the demographic characteristics of the psychology workforce based on data from the American Community Survey. - 2005-13: Demographics of the U.S. psychology workforce: Findings from the American Community Survey
The report presents a snapshot on the gender, age, and race/ethnicity of the psychology workforce based on data from the American Community Survey, the largest source of data on the U.S. population.
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Distribution of Licensed Psychologists and Drug Overdose Mortality Rates (PDF, 6MB)
This report examines county-level distribution of licensed psychologists in relationship to drug overdose mortality rates in the United States. -
Distribution of Licensed Psychologists and Suicide Rates (PDF, 10MB)
This report examines county-level distribution of licensed psychologists in relationship to suicide mortality rates in the United States. -
2015 County-Level Analysis of U.S. Licensed Psychologists and Health Indicators
The report presents a county-level analysis of the distribution of licensed psychologists in the United States and examines its relationship with population health outcomes based on data from state licensing boards.
These surveys were initiated in direct response to increasing concerns about a perceived imbalance between the demand for and supply of predoctoral internships. These reports contain information on: the number of students seeking psychology internships as of February 2000 and February 1999 respectively; the number of students not placed on Uniform Notification Day; subsequent placements; reasons for non-placement; expected numbers of internship applicants for 2000 through 2003; demographic information of internship applicants; and student enrollment by year.
The Doctorate Employment Survey (DES) was conducted on an annual basis between 1975 and 1985. Beginning in 1987, the decision was made to move the survey to a biennial schedule.
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2009: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 2010 from 2009 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
2007: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 2008 from 2007 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
2005: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 2006 from 2005 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
2003: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 2004 from 2003 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
2001: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 2002 from the 2001 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
1999: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 2000 from the 1999 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
1997: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 1998 from the 1997 doctorate recipients in psychology. -
1996: Doctorate Employment Survey
The data on which this report is based were collected in 1997 in a survey that was supported by the Sloan Foundation.
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2008: APA Student Member Survey
These tables include data on career development issues, familiarity with APA grants, and activity in APAGS for graduate and postdoctorate level APA student members.
In 1993, in direct response to a lack of data on the educational and employment patterns of graduates with master's-level training, the APA Research Office launched a new survey effort in order to gain comprehensive employment data based on a nationwide sample.
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2002: Master's, Specialists and Related Degrees Employment Survey
The 2002 MES represents the third effort, initiated in the Spring of 2001, to gather, analyze and disseminate information on graduates with master's and related degrees in psychology. This survey departs from the 1993 and 1996 efforts, which gathered data for only the previous academic year graduates. The 2002 report presents information on the employment and educational experiences of a sample of 2001 and 2002 graduates with master's and specialist's degrees. It also provides information on demographic characteristics and explores data such as employment status, perception of the job market, starting salaries and other relevant characteristics. -
1996: Master's, Specialists and Related Degrees Employment Survey
This report presents information on the employment and educational experiences of 1996 graduates with master's degrees. It also provides information on demographic characteristics and explores data such as employment status, perception of the job market, starting salaries and other relevant characteristics.
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2003: Employment Characteristics and Salaries of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP)
This survey was a collaborative effort between the APA Research Office and the Association of Medical School Psychologists' Executive Committee. This survey represents the second effort by APA to collect national-level employment and salary data on psychological personnel employed within medical school settings. This undertaking was prompted by the paucity of recent research on psychologists in medical school settings, along with the continuing changes and cutbacks that medical schools are experiencing in this era of managed care. Given that psychologists are a relatively small group of professionals in medical school settings, it was deemed essential to identify these psychologists, provide descriptive employment and salary characteristics in several domains, and begin to explore how they may have been impacted by recent changes in the health care system. -
1997: Employment Characteristics and Salaries of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP)
The 1997 Medical School Psychologists Employment Survey is a collaborative effort between the APA Research Office and the AMSP Executive Committee. This survey represents the first effort by APA to collect national-level employment and salary data on psychological personnel who are employed within medical school settings.
These reports include demographic characteristics of faculty and first-year psychology graduate students, as well as application, acceptance and enrollment characteristics of U.S. graduate departments of psychology. It also includes admission and graduation requirements, tuition information and information on financial support available to U.S. graduate students in psychology.
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2004-2013: Findings from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
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2012: APA Governance Survey Report (PDF, 709KB)
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2008: Survey of PsyD Granting Schools and Programs Summary Report (PDF, 250KB)
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2007: APA Early Career Psychologists Survey (PDF, 3.2MB)
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2003: Knowledge of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among APA Member Practitioners
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1998-99: APA Survey of Undergraduate Departments of Psychology
In response to an ongoing interest by the APA Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs and increased requests for undergraduate application and enrollment data, the APA Research Office conducted the 1998-1999 APA Survey of Undergraduate Departments of Psychology. -
1995: Baccalaureate Employment Survey
This survey is a first effort of APA to gather information relevant to the undergraduate level of training in psychology including data on the education, employment and career outcomes of program graduates.

