Norwood Glaspie, University of Minnesota
Examining the Role of Explanation on Children’s Beliefs and Selective Learning on Social Inequality and Status Mobility
Inequality of opportunity and resources are rife within the US, these disparities are well-documented and divided across the lines of race, ethnicity, and gender. Structural barriers, such as discriminatory policies, historical injustices, and systemic biases, have perpetuated these divisions, creating significant disparities in access to education, healthcare, housing, and employment (Roberts & Rizzo, 2021; Darity, 2005; Kraus, 2019). These inequities not only hinder individual potential but also reinforce cycles of poverty and social stratification that disproportionately impact marginalized communities. Psychology identifies individualistic and structural explanations as two primary ways of discussing social inequality. Individualistic explanations attribute inequality to internal factors like one’s ability, work ethic, or personality traits (Klugel & Smith, 1986; Cimpian & Salomon, 2014; Vasilyeva et al., 2018). These beliefs, rooted in essentialism, often lead to racial prejudice, support for social hierarchies, and stereotype endorsement in both children and adults (Hussak & Cimpian, 2015; Bastian & Haslam, 2006). Such explanations perpetuate the status quo and have harmful societal consequences if left unchallenged. However, structural explanations focus on systemic factors like historical disparities, socioeconomic conditions, and institutional practices (Haslanger, 2016;Vasilyeva et al., 2018; Peretz-Lange et al., 2021; Kneeskern & Ellenbas, 2023). Across two studies, this dissertation seeks to further our current knowledge by examining how children come to reason and trust explanations offered by others about social inequality. I will study whether structural and internal explanations for disparities in wealth and achievement influence children’s perceptions of status mobility across different contexts. In addition, I utilize an epistemic trust framework and developmental intergroup perspective to explore whom children perceive as credible sources of knowledge about inequality and how this trust shapes their beliefs about each explanation. Together, these studies aim to identify alternative approaches for parents and teachers to discuss inequality and ways that mitigate biases associated with internalist explanations, providing insights to inform intervention strategies and educational curricula.
Norwood Glaspie is a doctoral candidate at the University of Minnesota’s Institute of Child Development, studying with Melissa Koenig, PhD, and Charisse Pickron, PhD. His research encompasses topics such as cognitive development, social cognition, and early social learning in children. He focuses specifically on (1) how explanations for social inequality influence children’s social preferences and perceptions of fairness and social mobility, testing whether structural explanations, which emphasize societal factors, shape judgments differently from internal explanations, which attribute disparities to traits like intelligence or effort. Also (2) Glaspie investigates how children evaluate and trust these explanations, examining the credibility of sources (e.g., high-status vs. low-status) and how that impacts their view of inequality. Together, these studies contribute to understanding how children’s reasoning about inequality is shaped by the explanations they encounter and from whom. He is from rural North Carolina, where he received his bachelor's in psychology from the University of North Carolina at Pembroke.