Submission guidelines

Prior to submission, please carefully read and follow the submission guidelines detailed below. Manuscripts that do not conform to the submission guidelines may be returned without review.

Submissions are handled only through our Editorial Manager platform, and the only official journal website is through APA. If you believe you interacted with a fraudulent website for this journal, please email APA Journalsopens in new window. Review our resource for authors for more information on identifying predatory journals.

To submit to the editorial office of Brad J. Bushman, PhD, please submit manuscripts electronically through the Manuscript Submission Portal in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx) or LaTex (.tex) as a zip file with an accompanied Portable Document Format (.pdf) of the manuscript file.

Prepare manuscripts according to the guidelines stated below, following the 7^th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association and the Psychology of Violence journal requirements.

Submit Manuscriptopens in new window

General correspondence may be directed to the editor’s officeopens in new window.

In addition to addresses and phone numbers, please supply email addresses for use by the editorial office and later by the production office. Most correspondence between the editorial office and authors is handled by email, so a valid email address is important to the timely flow of communication during the editorial process.

Also, please be sure to provide names and contact information for each of your coauthors in the cover letter.

Keep a copy of the manuscript to guard against loss.

If you encounter difficulties with submission, please email the peer review coordinator, Davia Tanelusopens in new window.

Authors should verify in their cover letter that manuscripts submitted to Psychology of Violence have not been published previously and are not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The cover letter should also list any other publications from the same dataset and describe how the manuscript overlaps with and is different from other publications, if any, based on the same dataset. See the APA Publication Manual for a detailed discussion of this issue. The cover letter is not shared with reviewers so this information should not be masked.

Authors of accepted articles will be required to complete APA's Publication Rights form and Full Disclosure of Interests form. All studies involving human participants or animal subjects must also adhere to the Ethical Principles of APA. Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest with their research or certify that they have none. All publication forms are available on the Forms for Journals Publication page.

This journal uses a masked reviewing system for all submissions. The first page of the manuscript should omit the authors’ names and affiliations but should include the title of the manuscript and the date it is submitted. Footnotes containing information pertaining to the authors' identities or affiliations should not be included in the manuscript but may be provided after a manuscript is accepted. Make every effort to see that the manuscript itself contains no clues to the authors’ identities.

Psychology of Violence recognizes that members of marginalized and minoritized groups experience extremely high levels of violence due to a host of legal, social, cultural, economic, and other structural factors. These marginalized and minoritized groups include (but are not limited to) women, individuals who are LGBTQIA2S+, individuals who are members of marginalized ethnic/racial groups, individuals who are low income, individuals with disabilities, individuals from religious minority groups, and individuals who are impacted by privilege and oppression at the intersection of their identities.  We are committed to reducing biases within violence research and ourselves. Psychology of Violence is also committed to recruiting a diverse editorial team and publishing articles authored by individuals from marginalized and minoritized groups. Psychology of Violence encourages scholarship that uses theoretical perspectives, study designs, study samples, and analytical methods that promote equity by representing diversity and inclusion of marginalized and minoritized groups in the United States and internationally. Authors are encouraged to consider system-level factors that influence individuals’ behavior.

Authors should review the APA Style Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The standards offer ways to improve transparency in reporting to ensure that readers have the information necessary to evaluate the quality of the research and to facilitate collaboration and replication. The JARS: 

• recommend the division of hypotheses, analyses, and conclusions into primary, secondary, and exploratory groupings to allow for a full understanding of quantitative analyses presented in a manuscript and to enhance reproducibility; 
• offer modules for authors reporting on replications, clinical trials, longitudinal studies, and observational studies, as well as the analytic methods of structural equation modeling and Bayesian analysis; and 
• include guidelines on reporting on of study preregistration (including making protocols public); participant characteristics (including demographic characteristics; inclusion and exclusion criteria) psychometric characteristics of outcome measures and other variables, and planned data diagnostics and analytic strategy. 

JARS-Qual offers guidance to researchers using qualitative methods such as narrative data, grounded theory, phenomenological, critical, discursive, performative, ethnographic, consensual qualitative, case study, psychobiography, and thematic analysis approaches. 

The guidelines focus on transparency in methods reporting, recommending descriptions of how the researcher’s own perspective affected the study, as well as the contexts in which the research and analysis took place. 

Authors should also review the new Journal Article Reporting Standards for Race, Ethnicity, and Culture (JARS–REC). Meant for all authors, regardless of research topic, JARS–REC include standards for all stages of research and manuscript writing, on, for example: 

• Using the title, abstract, and keywords to identify race and ethnicity of participants without signaling Whiteness as default; 
• Discussing the applicability of the theoretical approach to populations for which it was not developed; 
• Addressing limits on generality, recognizing that generalizability is always constrained and is not the primary purpose of every study; and 
• Considering whether findings could be used or misused to cause harm. 

For more, see the Guidance for Authors sections of the table (PDF, 184KB)opens in new window. 

Psychology of Violence encourages authors of accepted manuscripts to make their materials and data publicly available on a third-party repository, including (but not limited to) APA's data-sharing repositoryopens in new window. APA's data sharing policy does not require public posting, so you are free to decide what is best for your project in terms of public data, materials, and conditions on their use. Maintaining participants' anonymity is an important concern that may preclude public sharing of a dataset. However, APA policy does require authors to make their data available to other researchers upon request.

Psychology of Violence publishes three types of articles:

• Full-length articles (10,000-word limit)
• Research reports (5,000-word limit)
• Short reports (2,500-word limit)

The word limits exclude the abstract, references, tables, and figures. Psychology of Violence publishes both quantitative and qualitative research. The journal also publishes review articles, including meta-analyses, and theoretical pieces.

Commentaries are considered for publication in Psychology of Violence. There are two types. The first type is when a reader submits an unsolicited comment on an article published in Psychology of Violence. The primary purpose of the commentary would be to provide a meaningful insight, concern, alternative interpretation, clarification, or critical analysis of the original article. It is not intended to simply be a critique of the literature review or basic methodology or statistics (e.g., suggesting articles that should have been included in the literature review, suggesting a different type of data analysis, noting that a study is statistically underpowered). Instead, the commentary should provide a richer and more comprehensive context for understanding the article that significantly adds to the literature by focusing on conceptual issues, methodological issues, and/or the policy implications of the findings. If a commentary is accepted, then the original author is invited to write a reply to the comment.

Commentaries should be submitted no later than 12 months after publication of the original article. If the editor determines that the commentary meets the criteria described above, then it will be subject to the same process of peer review and the same editorial criteria and standards as any other manuscript. Commentaries may be no more than half the length of the original article, and replies may be no more than half the length of the commentary. A commentary and reply will be published together. Except under rare circumstances, there will be only one round of comment and reply. The title of a commentary should include a subtitle reflecting the actual title and year of publication of the article that is the focus of the comment.

The second type of commentary is initiated by the editor, who identifies an accepted article as one for which a commentary might be useful (e.g., controversial theoretical perspective or empirical findings; groundbreaking topic). The editor will invite one or more individuals to comment on the accepted article; and the author of the original piece is then invited to submit a reply or rebuttal to the comment. Comments and rebuttals go through the peer review and editorial process as described above. The original article is then published along with the comments and reply in chronological order.

Manuscripts must be prepared according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association using the 7th edition.

All APA requirements are important; the ones listed below are particularly noteworthy:

• Disclose all prior publications with this dataset in the cover letter (which is only seen by editors). 
• Use bias-free language.
• Double space the entire text and references, putting only one table or figure on a page at the end of the manuscript, using one-inch margins all around, and including a header and page numbers.  
• Minimize the use of acronyms so your manuscript is accessible to a wide audience.

All manuscripts that remain under consideration at Psychology of Violence will be asked to include the following:

• A structured abstract divided into four sections with the headings: Objective, method, results, and conclusions. The objective should clearly communicate the novel contribution of the manuscript. Do not, however, claim that "this is the first study ever to..." Such a claim cannot be substantiated. In the conclusion, please identify at least one specific implication and avoid boilerplate language such as "Implications will be discussed." Target length is no more than 250 words.
• 4 to 5 keywords for all manuscripts.
• A statement that clearly describes the study's purpose must be provided in the first 3 paragraphs of the paper.
• The introduction needs to end with numbered statements of hypotheses or research questions, and these need to be explicitly revisited in the results and discussion.
• Authors are expected to review the APA Style Journal Article Reporting Standardsopens in new window (JARS) and verify that they have included all relevant methodological information for the type of study they conducted, including effect sizes when they can be calculated.
• Number of items, response categories, alpha, and scoring need to be presented for all measures. Validity should be addressed.
• Sample size: Qualitative studies need to provide a rationale for the sample size based on their specific methodology. Quantitative studies need to include a formal power analysis that corresponds to the hypotheses and data analytic approach whenever possible; alternative methods used to determine the precision of parameter estimates should be used when power analyses are not appropriate for the data analytic technique. For both qualitative and quantitative studies, methodological citations should be provided to justify the technique used.
• The discussion needs separate subsections (in this order) for limitations, future research directions, and prevention, clinical, and policy implications. Regarding the implications subsection, at least one of the three types of implications listed above must be addressed and the heading should be modified to indicate those included (e.g., "Prevention and policy implications" or "Clinical implications").
• An honest assessment of the study's limitations is essential in the limitations subsection of the discussion. This section needs to describe the study's major methodological limitations and include a statement regarding the generalizability to other populations and contexts. The need to replicate exploratory or unexpected findings should be explicitly stated.

Per APA policy, authors presenting the results of randomized trials should rely on CONSORT guidelinesopens in new window.

Prospective authors are welcome to direct inquiries regarding these instructions, potential paper topics, journal policy, or manuscript preparation to the editor, Brad J. Bushmanopens in new window.

Review APA's Journal Manuscript Preparation Guidelines before submitting your article.

If your manuscript was mask reviewed, please ensure that the final version for production includes a byline and full author note for typesetting.

Double-space all copy. Other formatting instructions, as well as instructions on preparing tables, figures, references, metrics, and abstracts, appear in the Manual. Additional guidance on APA Style is available on the APA Style websiteopens in new window.

Below are additional instructions regarding the preparation of display equations, computer code, and tables.

We strongly encourage you to use MathType (third-party software) or Equation Editor 3.0 (built into pre-2007 versions of Word) to construct your equations, rather than the equation support that is built into Word 2007 and Word 2010. Equations composed with the built-in Word 2007/Word 2010 equation support are converted to low-resolution graphics when they enter the production process and must be rekeyed by the typesetter, which may introduce errors.

To construct your equations with MathType or Equation Editor 3.0:

• Go to the Text section of the Insert tab and select Object.
• Select MathType or Equation Editor 3.0 in the drop-down menu.

If you have an equation that has already been produced using Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010 and you have access to the full version of MathType 6.5 or later, you can convert this equation to MathType by clicking on MathType Insert Equation. Copy the equation from Microsoft Word and paste it into the MathType box. Verify that your equation is correct, click File, and then click Update. Your equation has now been inserted into your Word file as a MathType Equation.

Use Equation Editor 3.0 or MathType only for equations or for formulas that cannot be produced as Word text using the Times or Symbol font.

Because altering computer code in any way (e.g., indents, line spacing, line breaks, page breaks) during the typesetting process could alter its meaning, we treat computer code differently from the rest of your article in our production process. To that end, we request separate files for computer code.

In online supplemental material

We request that runnable source code be included as supplemental material to the article. For more information, visit Supplementing Your Article With Online Material.

In the text of the article

If you would like to include code in the text of your published manuscript, please submit a separate file with your code exactly as you want it to appear, using Courier New font with a type size of 8 points. We will make an image of each segment of code in your article that exceeds 40 characters in length. (Shorter snippets of code that appear in text will be typeset in Courier New and run in with the rest of the text.) If an appendix contains a mix of code and explanatory text, please submit a file that contains the entire appendix, with the code keyed in 8-point Courier New.

Use Word's insert table function when you create tables. Using spaces or tabs in your table will create problems when the table is typeset and may result in errors.

Authors who feel that their manuscript may benefit from additional academic writing or language editing support prior to submission are encouraged to seek out such services at their host institutions, engage with colleagues and subject matter experts, and/or consider several vendors that offer discounts to APA authors.

Please note that APA does not endorse or take responsibility for the service providers listed. It is strictly a referral service. Use of such service is not mandatory for publication in an APA journal. Use of one or more of these services does not guarantee selection for peer review, manuscript acceptance, or preference for publication in any APA journal.

APA can place supplemental materials online, available via the published article in the APA PsycArticles^® database.

Psychology of Violence uses structured abstracts divided into the following sections, with headings: objective, method, results, and conclusions. The objective should clearly communicate the novel contribution of this manuscript. The conclusions should identify at least one specific implication and avoid boilerplate language such as "Implications will be discussed." Target length is no more than 250 words.

Each manuscript needs five keywords for indexing. Please consider keywords that are common synonyms for the forms of violence addressed in your manuscript. For example, if your study is on "intimate partner violence," it may help some readers find your work if you list "domestic violence" as a keyword.

Authors submitting manuscripts to Psychology of Violence are required to provide two to three brief sentences regarding the relevance or public health significance of their manuscript. This description should be included within the manuscript on the abstract/keywords page. It should be written in easy-to-understand language for members of the lay public.

To be maximally useful, these statements of public significance should not simply be sentences lifted directly from the manuscript. This statement supports efforts to increase the dissemination and usage of research findings by larger and more diverse audiences. In addition, they should be able to be translated into media-appropriate statements for use in press releases and on social media.

Authors may refer to the Guidance for Translational Abstracts and Public Significance Statements page for help writing their statement.

List references in alphabetical order. Each listed reference should be cited in text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.

Examples of basic reference formats:

Journal article

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126opens in new window

Authored book

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000opens in new window

Chapter in an edited book

Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones. K. P., Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012opens in new window

Data set citation

Alegria, M., Jackson, J. S., Kessler, R. C., & Takeuchi, D. (2016). Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003 [Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20240.v8opens in new window

Software/Code citation

Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package.  Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. https://www.jstatsoft.org/v36/i03/opens in new window

Wickham, H. et al., (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), 1686, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686opens in new window

All data, program code, and other methods must be appropriately cited in the text and listed in the references section.

Tables should adhere to APA Styleopens in new window. Use Word’s Insert Table function to create tables, and do not insert tabs or extra spaces to align columns as this will create problems when the table is typeset.

Preferred formats for graphics files are TIFF and JPG, and preferred format for vector-based files is EPS. Graphics downloaded or saved from web pages are not acceptable for publication. Multipanel figures (i.e., figures with parts labeled a, b, c, d, etc.) should be assembled into one file. When possible, please place symbol legends below the figure instead of to the side.

Resolution 

• All color line art and halftones: 300 DPI 
• Black and white line tone and gray halftone images: 600 DPI 

Line weights 

• Adobe Photoshop images 
• Color (RGB, CMYK) images: 2 pixels 
• Grayscale images: 4 pixels 
• Adobe Illustrator Images 
• Stroke weight: 0.5 points 

APA offers authors the option to publish their figures online in color without the costs associated with print publication of color figures.

The same caption will appear on both the online (color) and print (black and white) versions. To ensure that the figure can be understood in both formats, authors should add alternative wording (e.g., “the red (dark gray) bars represent”) as needed.

Color figure fees

For authors who prefer their figures to be published in color both in print and online, original color figures can be printed in color at the editor's and publisher's discretion provided the author agrees to pay: 

• $900 for one figure 
• An additional $600 for the second figure 
• An additional $450 for each subsequent figure

We strongly encourage you to use MathType (third-party software) or Equation Editor 3.0 (built into pre-2007 versions of Word) to construct your equations, rather than the equation support that is built into Word 2007 and Word 2010. Equations composed with the built-in Word 2007/Word 2010 equation support are converted to low-resolution graphics when they enter the production process and must be rekeyed by the typesetter, which may introduce errors.

To construct your equations with MathType or Equation Editor 3.0:

• Go to the Text section of the Insert tab and select Object.
• Select MathType or Equation Editor 3.0 in the drop-down menu.

If you have an equation that has already been produced using Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010 and you have access to the full version of MathType 6.5 or later, you can convert this equation to MathType by clicking on MathType Insert Equation. Copy the equation from Microsoft Word and paste it into the MathType box. Verify that your equation is correct, click File, and then click Update. Your equation has now been inserted into your Word file as a MathType Equation.

Use Equation Editor 3.0 or MathType only for equations or for formulas that cannot be produced as Word text using the Times or Symbol font.

Because altering computer code in any way (e.g., indents, line spacing, line breaks, page breaks) during the typesetting process could alter its meaning, we treat computer code differently from the rest of the article in the production process. Supply separate files for computer code.

In online supplemental material

Runnable source code should be included as supplemental material to the article. For more information, visit supplementing your article with online material.

In the text of the article

If authors would like to include code in the text of the published article, submit a separate file with your code exactly as it should appear, using Courier New font with a type size of 8 points. An image will be made of each segment of code in your article that exceeds 40 characters in length. (Shorter snippets of code that appear in text will be typeset in Courier New and run in with the rest of the text.) If an appendix contains a mix of code and explanatory text, please submit a file that contains the entire appendix, with the code keyed in 8-point Courier New.

Authors of accepted papers must obtain and provide to the editor on final acceptance all necessary permissions to reproduce in print and electronic form any copyrighted work, including test materials (or portions thereof), photographs, and other graphic images (including those used as stimuli in experiments).

On advice of counsel, APA may decline to publish any image whose copyright status is unknown.

• Download Permissions Alert Form (PDF, 13KB)opens in new window

Articles are eligible for open science badges recognizing publicly available data, materials, and/or preregistered plans and analyses. These badges are awarded on a self-disclosure basis.

At submission, authors must confirm that criteria have been fulfilled in a signed badge disclosure form (PDF, 33KB)opens in new window that must be submitted as supplemental material. If the editorial team confirms that all criteria have been met, the form will then be published with the article as supplemental material.

Authors should also note their eligibility for the badge(s) in the cover letter.

For all badges, items must be made available on an open-access repository with a persistent identifier in a format that is time-stamped, immutable, and permanent. For the preregistered badge, this is an institutional registration system.

Data and materials must be made available under an open license allowing others to copy, share, and use the data, with attribution and copyright as applicable.

Open Data:
All data necessary to reproduce the reported results that are digitally shareable are made publicly available. Information necessary for replication (e.g., codebooks or metadata) must be included.

Open Data; Protected Access:
A Protected Access (PA) notation may be added to open data badges if sensitive, personal data are available only from an approved third-party repository that manages access to data to qualified researchers through a documented process. To be eligible for an open data badge with such a notation, the repository must publicly describe the steps necessary to obtain the data and detailed data documentation (e.g. variable names and allowed values) must be made available publicly. Manuscripts with data deposited in ICPSR's database are eligible for this badge.

Open Materials:
All materials necessary to reproduce the reported results that are digitally shareable, along with descriptions of non-digital materials necessary for replication, are made publicly available.

Preregistered:
At least one study's design has been preregistered with descriptions of (a) the research design and study materials, including the planned sample size; (b) the motivating research question or hypothesis; (c) the outcome variable(s); and (d) the predictor variables, including controls, covariates, and independent variables. Results must be fully disclosed. As long as they are distinguished from other results in the article, results from analyses that were not preregistered may be reported in the article.

Preregistered+Analysis Plan:
At least one study's design has been preregistered along with an analysis plan for the research — and results are recorded according to that plan.

Note that it may not be possible to preregister a study or to share data and materials. Applying for open science badges is optional.

APA holds policies that apply to all journals published. These include policies on author contributorship and responsibilities of authors; author name changes after publication; the use of generative artificial intelligence; funder information and conflict-of-interest disclosures; duplicate publication; data publication and reuse; and preprints. Please also refer to individual journal submission guidance for specific practices and requirements for manuscript submission.

A key convention in the publication of research is the peer review process, in which the quality and potential contribution of each manuscript is evaluated by one's peers in the scientific community. Like other scientific journals, APA journals utilize a peer review process to guide manuscript selection and publication decisions.

In light of changing patterns of scientific knowledge dissemination, APA requires authors to provide information on prior dissemination of the data and narrative interpretations of the data/research appearing in the manuscript (e.g., if some or all were presented at a conference or meeting, posted on a listserv, shared on a website, including academic social networks like ResearchGate, etc.). This information (2–4 sentences) must be provided as part of the author note.

APA policy prohibits an author from submitting the same manuscript for concurrent consideration by two or more publications.

APA requires authors to reveal any possible conflict of interest in the conduct and reporting of research (e.g., financial interests in a test or procedure, funding by pharmaceutical companies for drug research).

APA Journals aims to address systemic inequities and bias, promote equitable opportunities for researchers, and foster an inclusive environment within the psychological research and scholarly publishing communities, representative of the wide array of people that psychology consists of and serves. Please refer to individual journal submission guidance for specific EDI practices and requirements for manuscript submission.

The APA Journals™ Program is committed to publishing transparent, rigorous research; improving reproducibility in science; and aiding research discovery. Open science practices vary across subfields and per editor discretion, and APA Publishing supports all efforts to improve openness and transparency, especially as they improve diversity, equity, and inclusion. Please refer to individual journal submission guidance for specific OS practices and requirements for manuscript submission.

The APA Journals Office supports authors’ choices on how to publish their work. We are committed to offering options that we believe comply with most funder and institutional requirements and support both self-archiving (“green”) and APC (paid for via an article processing charge and also known as “gold”) Open Access options. Submitting a manuscript for peer review is free of charge.

APA’s current policies on generative AI include:

• When a generative AI model is used in the drafting of a manuscript for an APA publication, the use of AI must be disclosed in the methods section and cited.
• AI cannot be named as an author on an APA scholarly publication.

APA policy prohibits an author from submitting the same manuscript for concurrent consideration by two or more publications. Preprints are allowed.

Authors of accepted papers must obtain and provide on final acceptance all necessary permissions to reproduce in print and electronic form any copyrighted work, including test materials (or portions thereof), photographs, and other graphic images (including those used as stimuli in experiments).

On advice of counsel, APA may decline to publish any image whose copyright status is unknown.

It is a violation of APA Ethical Principles to publish “as original data, data that have been previously published” (Standard 8.13).

APA Ethical Principles also state that “after research results are published, psychologists do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis and who intend to use such data only for that purpose, provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and unless legal rights concerning proprietary data preclude their release” (Standard 8.14).

APA expects authors to make their data available if asked during the editorial process and for at least five years after the date of publication.

If the manuscript is accepted, the corresponding author is required to sign and submit a Certification of Compliance with APA Ethical Principles (PDF, 26KB).opens in new window

See APA’s Publishing Policies page for more information on publication policies, including information on author contributorship and responsibilities of authors, author name changes after publication, the use of generative artificial intelligence, funder information and conflict-of-interest disclosures, duplicate publication, data publication and reuse, and preprints.

Visit the Journals Publishing Resource Center for more resources for writing, reviewing, and editing articles for publishing in APA journals.