Popular Media & Fiction

Inclusion of Socioeconomic Status in Psychology Curricula
Popular media and fiction

These assignments and activities are designed to raise students’ awareness of social class and socioeconomic issues in fiction and popular media, such as novels, TV shows, films, songs and news publications. Created and compiled by Lauren Walker.

Analysis of Social Class in Fiction

Fiction book



Works of fiction featuring poverty and inequality can bring to life other ways to think about human behavior beyond the familiar style of textbooks and empirical articles. These genres can also supplement course readings and enhance students’ awareness of class privilege and oppression. 

Students will analyze a work of fiction (e.g., novel, film, or TV show) that has social class as a primary theme. It could directly address social class or have social class as a strong subtext. Students will choose among a list of titles distributed by the instructor. If a student proposes a different title not on the list, consult with the instructor early in the course. Students will present their findings (Suggested time: 10 minutes).

Consider the following points in preparing your fiction analysis

Who are the main characters? How do the characters interact?
What is the social, cultural and historic background of the story?
What happens in the story?  Why do events play out the way they do?
What are the signs of social class in the piece? What role does social class play in the story?
What are some of the themes from your chosen piece that relate to the course material?
How does the chosen piece influence your opinions and definitions of poverty, wealth and inequality?

Current Issues on Poverty and Inequality Debate

Debate



Students will debate a current issue of particular relevance on poverty and inequality at the beginning of class. It might be a controversial social or political issue from a documentary or news report. Students will be assigned into two groups to support or oppose an idea. 

Each group will have adequate time to prepare their arguments and back up their points with reference to the course materials. The layout of a debate generally has an opening statement, cross-examination and closing statement.

Examples of potential debate topics

Could a living wage curb sexual harassment among low-income workers?

Should colleges and universities do more to address the growing problem of student hunger?

Does the “housing first” model effectively reduce homelessness?

Should the government provide support to youth aging out of foster care?

Could paid family and medical leave improve economic security among families?

Do socioeconomic status differences in schooling perpetuate economic inequality into adulthood?

Exploring Social Class through Music

Concert

Songs are often overlooked when teaching about social justice. From the protest songs in the 1960s to modern songs about social change, music is an important popular form of entertainment that can highlight problems and address issues of social conflict. Music also has the potential to impact our collective consciousness on a wide range of social issues.

This activity is adapted from Daniel Byrd and Denise Levy’s article, “Exploring Social Justice through Music,” with an emphasis on class privilege and oppression. Instructors should select a song that relates to the topic(s) they plan to address. Explain the background of the song. Have students work in pairs or groups. Print out the lyrics of the song(s) and distribute them to the class. Play the song in class from a CD or video hosting service. Have a list of questions that encourage students to read, think about, write down and discuss the lyrics. Bring the class together to discuss the content of the song and how it relates to the course materials. 

Consider the following questions exploring music with students

After you listened to the song and read the lyrics, write down a few sentences on what you think the message of the song is.

Can you identify any metaphors in the song? What do they represent?

What message is the song conveying? Explain whether that message would be important or relevant today.

[For more than one song] What similar messages do the songs share? What conclusions can you draw about their message?

How does the song(s) influence your opinions and definitions of poverty, wealth and inequality?

Reference 

Byrd, D.C. & Levy, D.L. (2013, April). Exploring social justice through music. Association of Psychological Science. Retrieved from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/exploring-social-justice-through-music

Film Review Critique

Film criticism



Imagine that you are a film critic for a major newspaper. Write a critique of a film that has social class as a primary theme. The subtext may focus on a wide range of themes such as income inequality, poverty, low-wage work, homelessness, hunger or food insecurity. It could also be a coming-of-age story on what it is like to be poor. The critique should include a summary of the plot, discuss the main characters and events, and analyze the themes of the plot. Be sure to support your conclusions with evidence and logical arguments. Cite relevant course readings to support your arguments. All film titles must be pre-approved by the instructor. 

Student tips for a great film review

While you are watching the film, take notes during the movie. This will help you organize your thoughts as you work your way up to the more climactic scenes in the film.

Pay attention to the background. Be specific in the details, especially if the setting takes place in another time period.

Write a rough draft immediately after the movie. This will help you remember some of the main points of the movie.

Keep track of when specific things happen in the film to re-watch later.

Research the film by looking up the film’s credits. If the film is based on a real person or true event, highlight this fact in the review. Compare the film to the historical record.

The critique should also include your opinions about the film and its relevance to the course materials. The instructor is less concerned with your knowledge of technical cinematic terms but rather your ability to analyze the major themes in the plot.

Social Class in the Media Television Analysis Short Essay

Media essay


The media greatly influences our perceptions of social class. Many messages that we receive in the media about social class shape our beliefs, habits, and attitudes. In many cases, the media also depicts a distorted view of society. The media’s representation of social class can potentially impact how we understand our own and other identities. 

For this short essay assignment, students will analyze a television show of their choice that has social class as a primary theme. It could directly address social class or have social class as a strong subtext. The short essay should provide a brief background on the plot, main characters, and setting. Course readings should be cited throughout the essay. (Suggested length: 3 pages.)

What to address in the media short essay

According to the course readings, how does television represent the major social classes in American society?

How does your chosen piece depict social class? How do the main characters interact or behave? Can you identify patterns and stereotypes of social class/SES?

In conclusion, how has your view of social class been influenced by the media?

Fiction

The following list includes works of fiction that are focused on social class in the United States. This list only includes works published since 1950. 

If you would like to add a work of fiction or a popular media to either list below, suggestions can be sent to the Office on Socioeconomic Status. Compiled by Shirley Truong, Harmony Reppond, Lina Chhun and Larry Gainor. Updated by Lauren Walker.

Popular Media

Compiled by Christine Smith, Julie Phillips, Keri Gregory, & Mary Hill (Antioch College); Updated by Lauren Walker and Kimberly Coffman 

This list includes films, documentaries, TV shows, and songs that have social class as a primary theme. This could mean that they directly address social class or social class is a strong subtext. Although not an exhaustive list (which is probably not possible), it represents some of the diversity in class representation over time. 

Date created: 2018