References
American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Future of Psychology as a STEM Discipline. (2010). Psychology as a core science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) discipline: Report of the APA 2009 presidential task force on the future of psychology as a STEM discipline. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/stem-report.pdfopens in new window
American Psychological Association. (2011). National standards for high school psychology curricula. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/education-career/k12/national-standards
American Psychological Association. (2016). National survey of high school psychology teachers (Unpublished survey). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2019). APA Divisions. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/division
Begley, C. G., & Ioannidis, P. A. (2015). Reproducibility in science: Improving the standard for basic and preclinical research. Circulation Research, 116, 116-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303819opens in new window
Benjamin, L. T., Jr. (2001). A brief history of the psychology course in American high schools. American Psychologist, 56, 949-960.
Berezow, A.B. (2012, July 13). Why psychology isn’t science. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from https://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/13/news/la-ol-blowback-pscyhology-science-20120713opens in new window
Boyack, K., W., Klavans, R., & Börner, K. (2005). Mapping the backbone of science. Scientometrics, 64, 351-374.
Cacioppo, J. (2007). Psychology is a hub science. APS Observer, 20(8). Retrieved from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/psychology-is-a-hub-science#.WWUQ0VFGly0opens in new window
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College Board Research & Development. (2015). College-bound seniors 2015: Recent high school graduates who took psychology during high school, by course type. New York: Author.
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Ferguson, C. J. (2015). “Everybody knows psychology is not a real science”: Public perceptions of psychology and how we can improve our relationship with policymakers, the scientific community, and the general public. American Psychologist, 70, 527-542. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039405opens in new window
Gilbert, D. T., King, G., Pettigrew, S., & Wilson, T. D. (2016). Comment on “Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science.” Science, 351(6277).
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Keith, K. D., Hammer, E. Y., Blair-Broeker, C. T., & Ernst, R. M. (2013). High school psychology: A coming of age story. Teaching of Psychology, 40, 311-317. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628313501044opens in new window
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Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J., Ruscio, J., & Beyerstein, B. L. (2010). 50 great myths of popular psychology: Shattering widespread misconceptions about human behavior. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
McGovern, T.V., Corey, L., Cranney, J., Dixon, Jr., W.E., Holmes, J.D., Kuebli, J.E., Ritchey, K.A., Smith, R.A., & Walker, S.J. (2010). Psychologically literate citizens. In D. F. Halpern (Ed.), Undergraduate education in psychology: A blueprint for the future of the discipline (pp. 9–27). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Miller, R. L. (Ed.). (2018). Promoting psychological science: A Compendium of laboratory exercises for teachers of high school psychology. Retrieved from https://teachpsych.org/ebooks/promotingpsychscience/opens in new window
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NGSS Lead States. (2013). Next generation science standards: For states, by states. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251). Retrieved from https://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/aac4716.fullopens in new window
Peng R. D. (2011). Reproducible research in computational science. Science, 334, 1226-1227. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1213847opens in new window
Redmond, J., & Shulman, M. (2008). Access to psychoanalytic ideas in American undergraduate institutions. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 56(2). Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0003065108318639opens in new window
Spear, J. H. (2007). Prominent schools or other active specialties? A fresh look at some trends in psychology. Review of General Psychology, 11. 363-380.
Thornton, B. M., & Colver, R. M. (1967). The psychology course in secondary schools. Journal of School Psychology, 5, 185-190.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2011). America's high school graduates: Results from the 2009 NAEP high school transcript study. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2011462opens in new window
Weaver, K. A. (2014). Credentialing high school psychology teachers. American Psychologist, 69(6), 612-619. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036574opens in new window
Weaver, K. A., Park, D., Bruner, L., Gowans, J., Mayfield, W., McLane, M., Rogers, M., Shaver, A., & Scher, S. (2018). Advocacy toolkit for the psychology teaching credential. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/advocacy/education/psychology-teaching-credential
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Additional Resources for Teachers and Advocates
Resources on K-12 Science Education
American Association for the Advancement of Science. (2009). Benchmarks for ScienceLiteracy. Retrieved from https://www.project2061.org/publications/bsl/online/index.phpopens in new window
National Research Council, Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards . (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/13165/chapter/1opens in new window
NGSS Lead States. (2013). Next generation science standards: For states, by states. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Resources for Promoting High School Psychology as a STEM discipline
American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Future of Psychology as a STEM Discipline. (2010). Psychology as a core science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) discipline: Report of the APA 2009 presidential task force on the future of psychology as a STEM discipline. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/stem-report.pdfopens in new window
Beins, B.C. (2012, August). Is psychology the other-than-science science? Psychology Teacher Network, 22 (2). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2012/08/other-science
Boyack, K., W., Klavans, R., & Börner, K. (2005). Mapping the backbone of science. Scientometrics, 64, 351-374.
Cacioppo, J.T. (2007). Psychology is a hub science. Observer, 20(7). Retrieved from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2007/september-07/psychology-is-a-hub-science.htmlopens in new window
Foley, S. (2018, September). A case for psychology as science: A review of the APA National Standards for High School Psychology Curricula and the Next Generation Science Standards Science Practices and Crosscutting Concepts. Psychology Teacher Network, 28 (3). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/09/high-school-next-generation
Hong, B. (2012, August). The teaching of psychology and the new MCAT. Psychology Teacher Network, 22(2). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2012/08/mcat
Weaver, K. A., Park, D., Bruner, L., Gowans, J., Mayfield, W., McLane, M., Rogers, M., Shaver, A., & Scher, S. (2018). Talking points for advocating psychology as a science course. Retrieved from https://www.apaservices.org/advocacy/issues/education/psychology-teaching-credential-science
Resources on scientific skills students learn in psychology
American Psychological Association, Skillful Psychology Student Working Group. The skillful psychology student. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/education-career/guide/transferable-skills.pdfopens in new window
Naufel, K. Z., Spencer, S. M., Appleby, D. C., Richmond, A. S., Rudmann, J. Van Kirk, J., Young, J., Carducci, B. J., & Hettich, P. (2019, March). The skillful psychology student: How to empower students with workforce-ready skills by teaching psychology. Psychology Teacher Network, 29 (1). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2019/03/workforce-ready-skills
Ernst, R. E., Hammer, E. Y., Appleby, D. C., Herting, L., Neufeld, G., Reed, R. S., Schullo, S., Turner, J., & Welle, V. (2018). Teaching resources for high school psychology teachers on skills. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/topss/teaching-resources
Foley, S. (2018, September). A case for psychology as science: A review of the APA National Standards for High School Psychology Curricula and the Next Generation Science Standards Science Practices and Crosscutting Concepts. Psychology Teacher Network, 28 (3). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/09/high-school-next-generation
In this report
Information contained in this report does not represent the official policy of the American Psychological Association.


